Beneficial effects of American ginseng ( L.) extract residue as a feed additive on production, health status, and gastrointestinal bacteria in sika deer ().

American ginseng residue is an industrial by-product of ginseng saponin extraction, including polysaccharides and amino acids; however, it is often discarded into the natural environment, representing a waste of resources as well as an environmental issue. In this study, we examined the effects of adding American ginseng residue to the basal diet of sika deer. Twelve antler-bearing male sika deer were assigned randomly to groups fed a diet supplemented with 0% (CON), 1% (LGR), and 3% (HGR) American ginseng residue, respectively, ( = 4 per group) for 5 weeks.

Effect of supplementation on growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in winter fur-growing raccoon dogs ().

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs during the winter fur-growing period.

Methods: Forty-five 135 (±5) day-old male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 (group N), 1 × 10 (group L) and 5 × 10 CFU/g (group H) , with 15 raccoon dogs per group.

Results: The results showed that in groups L and H improved average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) ( < 0.

Effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJF036 on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota in Juvenile Beagle Dogs.

This experiment investigated the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJF036 on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota in beagle dogs. Sixteen 75 ± 5-day-old healthy male beagles (4.51 ± 1.

Integrated multi-omics of the gastrointestinal microbiome and ruminant host reveals metabolic adaptation underlying early life development.

Background: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome of ruminants and its metabolic repercussions vastly influence host metabolism and growth. However, a complete understanding of the bidirectional interactions that occur across the host-microbiome axis remains elusive, particularly during the critical development stages at early life. Here, we present an integrative multi-omics approach that simultaneously resolved the taxonomic and functional attributes of microbiota from five GIT regions as well as the metabolic features of the liver, muscle, urine, and serum in sika deer (Cervus nippon) across three key early life stages.

Dietary supplementation with improved growth performance, serum biochemical Indices, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in growing raccoon dogs ().

This study was conducted to investigate whether different dietary levels affect growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in growing raccoon dogs. Forty-five healthy male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 15 raccoon dogs per group. Each raccoon dog was housed in an individual cage.

Study on screening of fermentation agents and optimization of the fermentation process for pharyngitis tablet residue.

This study aimed to screen an appropriate starter and determine the optimal fermentation process parameters to optimize the fermentation process of nutrient components and bioactive contents in pharyngitis tablet residue. This study included two experiments. In experiment I, single-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of different biological starters (cellulase preparation; and preparation; mixture of cellulase + and ) on the nutritional values and bioactive ingredient contents in pharyngitis tablet residue.

Strain-tunable magnetic and electronic properties of a CuCl monolayer.

Recently, theoretical search has found that a two-dimensional CuCl monolayer is a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Here, we apply density functional theory to study its geometrical structure, magnetic and electronic properties under the influence of a biaxial strain . It is found that the CuCl monolayer exhibits ferromagnetic ordering at the ground state with = 0 and its Curie temperature increases monotonously with respect to the biaxial strain, which can be increased to about 100 K at 10% tensile strain.

First-principles calculations of the BeO monolayer with chemical functionalization.

Recently, extensive experimental and theoretical studies on two-dimensional materials have attracted enormous interest in exploring the properties of these materials by decorating their surfaces. In the present work, we present a detailed investigation of the structures, and electronic and magnetic properties of pristine, hydrogenated, and fluorinated BeO monolayers using the density functional theory approach. Structurally, the most stable adsorption sites are directly above the host Be atom for half-hydrogenation, above the middle of the Be-O bond for half-fluorination, and directly above the host Be atom and below the host O atom for full-hydrogenation and full-fluorination.

Energy and Protein Requirements for the Maintenance of Growing Male Sika Deer ().

The objective of this study is to study the effects of dietary intake levels on energy metabolism, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) balance and to determine the maintenance requirements of energy and protein for male sika deer during their growing period. A total of 16 1-year-old male sika deer with similar body weight (BW) (63.25 ± 2.

Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Immunity Response and Gut Microbiota in American Mink ().

This experiment investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on growth, serum biochemical parameters, jejunum morphology and the microbial community in male growing-furring mink. Thirty healthy male mink were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 10 mink per group. Each mink was housed in an individual cage.

Discovery of Novel 3,4-Dichloroisothiazole-Containing Coumarins as Fungicidal Leads.

Natural products are one of the resources for discovering novel fungicidal leads. As a natural fungicide, osthole was used as a coumarin-based lead compound for the development of novel fungicides. Here, a series of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-containing 7-hydroxycoumarins were rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized by introducing a bioactive substructure, 3,4-dichloroisothiazole, into the coumarin skeleton.

Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ().

Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer () and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 ( = 5, CON), 2.

Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on the reproductive performance of yearling female mink (Neovison vison) fed wet fish-based feed.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on the reproductive performance of female mink, preweaning growth performance of their kits, and antioxidative status and immune functions of dams and kits. Yearling mink dams (n = 180) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 36). The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with VE at 0 (control), 80, 160, 320, or 640 mg/kg DM.

Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).

The goal of this study is to compare the gut microbiota of domestic blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) to provide better understanding of their intestinal gut microbiota. We analyzed the structure of fecal microbes in 40 blue foxes and 40 raccoon dogs that were raised under same conditions, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In total, 295,146 sequence reads were obtained.

Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Metabolic Parameters in Growing Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus).

The objective of this study was to determine whether different dietary vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) levels affect the nutrient digestibility, production performance, and antioxidant abilities of growing furring blue foxes. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement that included 4 levels of VE (0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg diet from α-tocopherol acetate) and 2 levels of Se (0 or 0.2 mg/kg diet from glycine selenium) was performed from mid-September to pelting.

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon).

This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3-year-old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.

Response of the Rumen Microbiota of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Different Concentrations of Tannin Rich Plants.

High throughput sequencing was used to examine the rumen microbiota of sika deer fed high (OLH) and low concentration (OLL) of tannin rich oak leaves. The results showed that Prevotella spp. were the most dominant bacteria.

The complete mitochondrial genome of silver fox (Caniformia: Canidae).

Silver fox is color variant of Vulpes vulpes. At present, there are few studies on phylogeny of Canidae and Caniformia. In this article, we determined and described the complete mitogenome of silver fox for the first time, which is 16,723 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, one origin of replication on the light-strand (OL) and a putative control region (CR).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Alopex lagopus (Caniformia: Canidae).

The phylogenetic and taxonomic positions of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) have long been unclear. In this study, we determined and described the complete mitogenome sequence of A. lagopus for the first time, which is 16,629 bp in length and contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, 1 origin of replication on the light-strand and a putative control region.

Bacteria and methanogens differ along the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese roe deer (Capreolus pygargus).

The current study provides the insight into the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and methanogens presented in the rumen and cecum of the Chinese roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The ruminal, ileal, cecal, and colonic contents, as well as feces, were obtained from each of the three, free-range, roe deer ingesting natural pasture after euthanasia. For the bacterial community, a total of 697,031 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated using high-throughput sequencing, and assigned to 2,223 core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (12 bacterial phyla and 87 genera).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Neovison vison (Carnivora: Mustelidae).

The phylogenetic and taxonomic position of the American mink Neovison vison have long been unclear. In this paper, the complete mitogenome of N. vison was sequenced and characterized.

Bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed three different diets.

Sika deer (Cervus nippon) rely on microorganisms living in the rumen to convert plant materials into chemical compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), but how the rumen bacterial community is affected by different forages and adapt to altered diets remains poorly understood. The present study used 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes to examine the relationship between rumen bacterial diversity and metabolic phenotypes using three sika deer in a 3 × 3 latin square design. Three sika deer were fed oak leaves (OL), corn stover (CS), or corn silage (CI), respectively.

Dietary copper supplementation improves pelt characteristics of female silver fox (Vulpes fulva) during the winter fur-growing season.

Copper has an essential role in normal fur pigmentation and fur quality. This study evaluated the effects of cupric citrate (CuCit) supplementation on growth, nutrients metabolism and pelt characteristics of the female silver fox (Vulpes fulva). Fifty age-matched female silver foxes with similar body weights were randomly divided into five dietary groups for 58 days during the winter fur-growing season.

Ability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mink to remove cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo studies.

This study evaluated the cholesterol-lowering property of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from mink. Two strains, Enterococcus faecium MDF1104 and Lactobacillus plantarum MDL1118, were shown to remove cholesterol from broths of natural hen egg yolk and skimmed milk. The cholesterol in hen egg yolk was reduced by 58.