Impact of an Antenatal Family-based Behavioral Treatment with a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program on Infant Weight-for-length at Birth.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, including weight-for-length, are used to monitor infant size. Excessive infant weight-for-length at or above the 85th percentile is a risk for childhood overweight. Although antenatal interventions like the nutrition and exercise lifestyle intervention program (NELIP) have successfully prevented excessive gestational weight gain, strategies to improve the intervention remain of interest.

Anishininew Infant Feeding Experiences in Sandy Lake, Canada: A Story of Waabeequanee.

Global public health recommendations for optimal infant nutrition include exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. Breastfeeding has several benefits; however, breastfeeding initiation rates and duration remain below recommendations in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Sandy Lake First Nation is particularly interested in understanding infant feeding experiences of community members to support increased breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Sustained Reduction of Subclinical Inflammation in the years after Breastfeeding.

Context: Lactation is associated with lower future risk of cardiovascular disease in women but the mechanism(s) underlying this relationship remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to characterize the relationship between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and cardiovascular risk factors over the first 5-years postpartum.

Design/setting/patients: In this prospective cohort study, 328 women underwent serial cardiometabolic characterization (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, fasting glucose, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP)) at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years postpartum.

Key informant perspectives on overcoming HPV vaccination barriers in low-immunization NY counties.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important public health concern, with nearly 2,900 cases of HPV-related cancers reported in New York State (NYS) each year. Despite concerted efforts to enhance vaccine uptake in NYS, HPV vaccination rates among 13-15-year-olds failed to meet the 2020 healthy People target, and continue to lag behind the 2030 goal, of 80%. In counties with low immunization levels, understanding factors influencing decision-making among unvaccinated adolescents is crucial.

PT-IN-MIND: study protocol for a multisite randomised feasibility trial investigating physical therapy with integrated mindfulness (PT-IN-MIND) for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and long-term opioid treatment who attend outpatient physical therapy.

Introduction: Many individuals receiving outpatient physical therapy have musculoskeletal pain and up to one-third use prescription opioids. The impact of physical therapist-led mindfulness-based interventions integrated with evidence-based physical therapy (I-EPT) to manage patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and long-term opioid treatment has not been elucidated. This project evaluates the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomised trial to test the effectiveness of I-EPT.

A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Study of Gene-Sleep Duration Interactions for Blood Pressure in 811,405 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discover 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to 23 genes.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Longitudinal Analysis in the PROMISE Cohort.

Objectives: Although pre-clinical studies have shown a beneficial impact of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adipose (AT) inflammation, the current literature from human studies is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal associations of circulating levels of n-3 PUFAs with biomarkers of AT inflammation.

Methods: Longitudinal data from participants in the PROMISE cohort (n = 474) were used.

Infant feeding experiences among Indigenous communities in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa: a scoping review of the qualitative literature.

Background: Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, research suggests that breastfeeding initiation rates and duration among Indigenous communities differ from this recommendation. Qualitative studies point to a variety of factors influencing infant feeding decisions; however, there has been no collective review of this literature published to date. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify and summarize the qualitative literature regarding Indigenous infant feeding experiences within Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa.

A Single-Session, 2-Hour Version of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (One MORE) Improves Chronic Pain Patients' Pain-Related Outcomes Through 3-Month Follow-Up in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Traditional, 8-week, mindfulness-based interventions can effectively treat chronic pain, but require a time and resource investment too burdensome for many patients and providers. The solution to this logistical challenge may be to distill the core, therapeutic elements of an efficacious 8-week, mindfulness-based intervention, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), into a 2-h, single-session intervention. In this study, the authors conducted a waitlist-controlled, randomized clinical trial to assess the impact of a 2-h, single-session adaptation of MORE (i.

Postpartum weight retention and the early evolution of cardiovascular risk over the first 5 years after pregnancy.

Background: The cumulative effect of postpartum weight retention from each pregnancy in a woman's life may contribute to her risk of ultimately developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited direct evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thus, we sought to characterize the impact of postpartum weight retention on the trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors over the first 5-years after pregnancy.

A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Study of Gene-Sleep Duration Interactions for Blood Pressure in 811,405 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discover 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to genes involved in neurological, thyroidal, bone metabolism, and hematopoietic pathways.

Africa's businesswomen - underfunded or underperforming?

While the recent success of - successful female entrepreneurs - is internationally celebrated, less is known about how liquidity can fuel the success of the and other businesswomen. Using information from a panel of over 800 male- and female-owned businesses in Ghana (ISSER-IGC survey), we capture a measure of underfunding, in addition to data on supplier credit, equity and other finance sources. Our regressions reveal a female-to-male productivity gap of between - 11 and - 19 per cent, values similar to estimates for other African countries.

Urinary Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Marker of Kidney Tubular Dysfunction in Patients at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Recent studies have reported elevated urinary vitamin D binding protein (uVDBP) concentrations in patients with diabetic kidney disease, although the utility of uVDBP to predict deterioration of kidney function over time has not been examined.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the association of uVDBP with longitudinal changes in kidney function.

Methods: Adults at-risk for type 2 diabetes from the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) study had 3 assessments over 6 years (n = 727).

Future cardiometabolic implications of insulin hypersecretion in response to oral glucose: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The cardiometabolic implications of postprandial hyperinsulinemia are unclear with recent studies suggesting both adverse and beneficial associations. We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal cardiometabolic implications of the post-challenge insulin secretory response over 4-years follow-up.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, conducted in Toronto (Ontario, Canada), women comprising the full range of antepartum glucose tolerance were recruited in pregnancy (at the time of glucose tolerance screening, late in the second trimester) to undergo cardiometabolic testing in the years thereafter.

Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Concerns have been raised that frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice may promote weight gain. Current evidence on fruit juice and weight gain has yielded mixed findings from both observational studies and clinical trials.

Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on 100% fruit juice consumption and body weight in children and adults.

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Veterans and Military Personnel on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) among past and present U.S. military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain.

Impact of the diagnosis of gestational diabetes on maternal physical activity after pregnancy.

Aim: The diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) identifies women who are at future risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, it is unclear if diagnosing GDM thus motivates women to increase physical activity after pregnancy or if this medicalization has the opposite effect of decreasing activity, possibly reflecting assumption of a sick role. We thus sought to evaluate the impact of diagnosing GDM on changes in maternal physical activity after pregnancy.

Determinants of Anishinabeck infant and early childhood growth trajectories in Northwestern Ontario, Canada: a cohort study.

Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm emphasizes the significance of early life factors for the prevention of chronic health conditions, like type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, which disproportionately affect First Nations communities in Canada. Despite increasing DOHaD research related to maternal health during pregnancy, early childhood growth patterns, and infant feeding practices with many populations, data from First Nations communities in Canada are limited. In partnership with Sandy Lake First Nation, the aims of this project were to characterize birthweights and growth patterns of First Nations infants/children over the first 6 years of life and to study the impact of maternal and infant social and behavioral factors on birthweight and growth trajectories.

Telehealth Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement vs Usual Care in Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder and Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Methadone treatment (MT) fails to address the emotion dysregulation, pain, and reward processing deficits that often drive opioid use disorder (OUD). New interventions are needed to address these factors.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of MT as usual (usual care) vs telehealth Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) plus usual care among people with an OUD and pain.

The Mindful Reappraisal of Pain Scale (MRPS): Validation of a New Measure of Psychological Mechanisms of Mindfulness-Based Analgesia.

Objectives: Mindfulness is theorized to decrease the affective amplification of chronic pain by facilitating a shift from emotionally-laden, catastrophic pain appraisals of nociceptive input to reappraising chronic pain as an innocuous sensory signal that does not signify harm. Understanding of these hypothetical psychological mechanisms of mindfulness-based analgesia has been limited by a lack of direct measures. We conducted a series of psychometric and experimental studies to develop and validate the Mindful Reappraisal of Pain Sensations Scale (MPRS).

Deteriorating beta cell function is the dominant determinant of progression from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes/diabetes in young women following pregnancy.

Aims/hypothesis: Excess adiposity, insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction each contribute to the development of prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose)/diabetes but their comparative impact in relation to one another remains uncertain. We thus ranked their contributions to incident dysglycaemia over the first 5 years postpartum in women reflecting the full spectrum of gestational glucose tolerance (spanning normoglycaemia to gestational diabetes) and hence a range of future diabetic risk.

Methods: In this study, 302 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) on OGTT at 3 months postpartum underwent repeat OGTT at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years, enabling serial assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity/resistance (Matsuda index, HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 [ISSI-2], insulinogenic index [IGI]/HOMA-IR).

Association of Serum Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids With Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort.

A unique group of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs), including arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, although associations with early metabolic risk phenotypes preceding type 2 diabetes have received limited study. We aimed to examine the associations of VLCSFAs with longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in a cohort at risk for type 2 diabetes. VLCSFAs in the four main serum pools (phospholipid, triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester, and nonesterified fatty acid) were extracted from fasting baseline samples (n = 467).