Unraveling TRPV1's Role in Cancer: Expression, Modulation, and Therapeutic Opportunities with Capsaicin.

Cancer is a global health challenge with rising incidence and mortality rates, posing significant concerns. The World Health Organization reports cancer as a leading cause of death worldwide, contributing to nearly one in six deaths. Cancer pathogenesis involves disruptions in cellular signaling pathways, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis.

The Opioid Growth Factor in Growth Regulation and Immune Responses in Cancer.

It has become apparent that endogenous opioids act not only as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, but have multiple functions in the body. Activation of the opioid system by opiate drugs is associated with a risk of cancer development through direct stimulation of tumor cell proliferation and through immunosuppression. In contrast, the endogenous peptide opioid [Met]-enkephalin, now commonly referred to as Opioid Growth Factor (OGF), negatively regulates cell proliferation in a wide number of cells during development, homeostasis, and neoplasia.

From Fruit Waste to Medical Insight: The Comprehensive Role of Watermelon Rind Extract on Renal Adenocarcinoma Cellular and Transcriptomic Dynamics.

Cancer researchers are fascinated by the chemistry of diverse natural products that show exciting potential as anticancer agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of watermelon rind extract (WRE) by examining its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and global gene expression in human renal cell adenocarcinoma cells (HRAC-769-P) in vitro. Our metabolome data analysis of WRE exhibited untargeted phyto-constituents and targeted citrulline (22.

Performance of a Multianalyte 'Rule-Out' Assay in Pregnant Individuals With Suspected Preeclampsia.

Background: The ability to diagnose preeclampsia clinically is suboptimal. Our objective was to validate a novel multianalyte assay and characterize its performance, when intended for use as an aid to rule-out preeclampsia.

Methods: Prospective, multicenter cohort study of pregnant individuals presenting between 28 and 36 weeks' with preeclampsia-associated signs and symptoms.

Association of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Drinking and Smoking With the Risk of Stillbirth.

Importance: Prenatal smoking is a known modifiable risk factor for stillbirth; however, the contribution of prenatal drinking or the combination of smoking and drinking is uncertain.

Objective: To examine whether prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco cigarettes is associated with the risk of stillbirth.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Safe Passage Study was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with data collection conducted between August 1, 2007, and January 31, 2015.

Cyanotoxins within and Outside of Cause Adverse Effects in Rainbow Trout ().

The global expansion of toxic blooms, and production of cyanotoxins including microcystins, are an increasing risk to freshwater fish. Differentiating intracellular and extracellular microcystin toxicity pathways (i.e.

Prediction of maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in pregnancy.

Aims: Indomethacin is used for the treatment of preterm labour, short cervices and idiopathic polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Few studies have described the pharmacokinetics (PK) of indomethacin during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine maternal and fetal PK of indomethacin during different trimesters of pregnancy using physiologically based PK (PBPK) modelling and simulations.

Concurrent prenatal drinking and smoking increases risk for SIDS: Safe Passage Study report.

Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality. Although the rate has plateaued, any unexpected death of an infant is a family tragedy thus finding causes and contributors to risk remains a major public health concern. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine patterns of drinking and smoking during pregnancy that increase risk of SIDS.

Predictors of vaginal delivery after cervical ripening using a synthetic osmotic dilator.

Objective: To evaluate the determinants of vaginal delivery and safety in women undergoing cervical ripening with a synthetic osmotic dilator (Dilapan-S) prior to induction of labor.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an international multicenter prospective observational study of Dilapan-S for cervical ripening in pregnancies greater than 32 weeks. Data were obtained in a standardized fashion and entered into a centralized electronic data capture system.

Effects of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin.

This study's primary objective was to fully characterize the pharmacokinetics of metformin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) versus nonpregnant controls. Steady-state oral metformin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women with GDM receiving either metformin monotherapy ( = 24) or a combination with glyburide ( = 30) as well as in nonpregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( = 24) were determined utilizing noncompartmental techniques. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were collected at delivery from 38 women.

Amniotic fluid embolism: principles of early clinical management.

Amniotic fluid embolism is an uncommon, but potentially lethal, complication of pregnancy. Because amniotic fluid embolism usually is seen with cardiac arrest, the initial immediate response should be to provide high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We describe key features of initial treatment of patients with amniotic fluid embolism.

Validation of a new method to assess estimated blood loss in the obstetric population undergoing cesarean delivery.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries and the primary cause of one-quarter of all maternal deaths globally. Inaccuracy in estimating blood loss obscures the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage and its management.

Objective: Our objective was to compare assessment of blood loss using the quantitative Triton system (Gauss Surgical, Inc, Los Altos, CA) with other measures of blood loss in women undergoing cesarean delivery.

Acute Management of Ischemic Stroke During Pregnancy.

Acute stroke in pregnancy can be devastating. Although neurologists will at some point be involved in the management, most of these patients are likely to first be evaluated by an obstetric care provider. It is, therefore, important for obstetric care providers to have an understanding of the presentation and management of stroke, particularly in the initial period when the window of opportunity for therapy is critical.

A randomized controlled trial of Dilapan-S vs Foley balloon for preinduction cervical ripening (DILAFOL trial).

Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that Dilapan-S is not inferior to the Foley balloon for preinduction cervical ripening at term.

Study Design: Pregnant women ≥37 weeks scheduled for induction with unfavorable cervix (≤3 cm dilated and ≤60% effaced) were randomly assigned to 12 hours of either Foley balloon inflated with 60 mL saline or Dilapan-S for cervical ripening. If the cervix remained unfavorable, then 1 more round of the assigned dilator was used.

Medical management of postpartum hemorrhage: An update.

Obstetrical hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Together with adequate surgical control and judicious transfusion of blood products, the use of pharmacological agents (e.g.

Performance of Risk Assessment Models for Peripartum Thromboprophylaxis.

Objective: There is no consensus on which risk stratification approach to use for thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy, and most available risk assessment models (RAMs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) events have not been validated in pregnancy. Our objective was to compare the performance of some of the most commonly used VTEs RAMs in our patient population in the peripartum period.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort of women who delivered at our institution in 2015 and 2016.

Effect of ghost pepper on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and global proteomic profile in human renal adenocarcinoma cells.

Chili peppers are an important constituent of many foods and contain medicinally valuable compounds, such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. As various dietary botanicals have anticancer properties, this study was aimed to examine the effect of Ghost pepper (Bhut Jolokia), one of the hottest chili peppers in the world, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and the global proteomic profile in human renal cell adenocarcinoma in vitro. 769-P human renal adenocarcinoma cells were cultured on RPMI-1640 media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%) and antibiotic-antimycotic solution (1%).

Progressive Devascularization: A Novel Surgical Approach for Placenta Previa.

 The gold standard for antenatal diagnosis of placenta previa is the transvaginal ultrasonography. In placenta previa cases, separation of placental and uterine tissues is challenging even for the most experienced surgeons. Life-threatening obstetrical complications from cesarean deliveries with placenta previa include peripartum hemorrhage, coagulopathy, blood transfusion, peripartum hysterectomy, and multiple organ failure.

Effect of CYP2C9 Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics of Indomethacin During Pregnancy.

Background And Objective: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 catalyzes the biotransformation of indomethacin to its inactive metabolite O-desmethylindomethacin (DMI). The aim of this work was to determine the effect of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on indomethacin metabolism in pregnant women.

Methods: Plasma concentrations of indomethacin and DMI at steady state were analyzed with a validated LC-MS/MS method.

Cervical Ripening Using Foley Balloon with or without Oxytocin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess available evidence regarding the use of oxytocin in conjunction with Foley balloon (FB) for cervical ripening.

Methods: Databases from MEDLINE (U.S.

Damage-Control Surgery for Obstetric Hemorrhage.

Damage-control surgery (abdominopelvic packing followed by a period of medical stabilization in the intensive care unit) is a life-saving intervention usually reserved for critically injured patients who may not survive an attempt to achieve hemostasis and complete repair of the damage in the operating room. Most obstetricians have little or no experience in this area, although the use of damage-control surgery in selected cases may be life-saving. This approach should be considered when arterial bleeding has been controlled and persistent bleeding is deemed to be secondary to coagulopathy that is refractory to blood product replacement, particularly in the presence of hypothermia, acidosis, and vasopressor requirement.

"Doing something" about the cesarean delivery rate.

There is a general consensus that the cesarean delivery rate in the United States is too high, and that practice patterns of obstetricians are largely to blame for this situation. In reality, the US cesarean delivery rate is the result of 3 forces largely beyond the control of the practicing clinician: patient expectations and misconceptions regarding the safety of labor, the medical-legal system, and limitations in technology. Efforts to "do something" about the cesarean delivery rate by promulgating practice directives that are marginally evidence-based or influenced by social pressures are both ineffective and potentially harmful.

Genetic Variation, Magnesium Sulfate Exposure, and Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Preterm Birth.

Objective: To evaluate the association of magnesium sulfate (MgSO) exposure and candidate gene polymorphisms with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm birth.

Study Design: We performed a nested case-control analysis of a randomized trial of maternal MgSO before anticipated preterm birth for the prevention of cerebral palsy (CP). Cases were children who died within 1 year of life or were survivors with abnormal neurodevelopment at age 2 years.

Stroke Volume Recruitability during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

Objective: It is unknown whether the heart operates in the ascending or flat portion of the Starling curve during normal pregnancy. Pregnant women do not respond to the passive leg-raising maneuver secondary to mechanical obstruction of the inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus. Our objective was to evaluate if administration of a fluid bolus increases baseline stroke volume (SV) among healthy pregnant patients during the third trimester.