Evaluation of renal tubular function by multiparametric functional MRI in early diabetes.

Purpose To evaluate the tubular function in an alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) rabbit model measured by renal oxygenation (R2*), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and renal blood flow (RBF) using blood oxygenation level dependent, asymmetric spin echo, and arterial spin labeling MRI. Methods Twenty-six rabbits were randomized into the 3-day DM group (n = 13) and the 7-day DM group (n = 13). We performed pairs of multiparametric MRIs (before and after furosemide injection) at baseline and 3/7 days post-DM, and scored pathological kidney injury.

An initial study on the comparison of diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/MR and F-FDG PET/CT for thoracic staging of non-small cell lung cancer: Focus on pleural invasion.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/MR and PET/CT preliminarily for the thoracic staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a special focus on pleural invasion evaluation.

Methods: 52 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were included and followed for another year. Whole-body F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent thoracic PET/MR were performed for initial thoracic staging.

Predictive Value of F-FDG PET/MRI for Pleural Invasion in Solid and Subsolid Lung Adenocarcinomas Smaller Than 3 cm.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI combines the characteristics of metabolism imaging and high soft tissue resolution, and could provide high diagnostic efficacy for assessment of pleural invasion (PI) of lung cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the application of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI for predicting PI of lung cancer with the maximum diameter ≤3 cm.

Study Type: Prospective.

Value of F-FDG PET/MRI in the Preoperative Assessment of Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparison With F-FDG PET/CT, MRI, and Contrast-Enhanced CT.

Objectives: To investigate the value of F-FDG PET/MRI in the preoperative assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and compare it with F-FDG PET/CT, MRI, and CECT.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with resectable ESCC were prospectively enrolled and underwent PET/MRI, PET/CT, and CECT before surgery. The primary tumor and regional lymph nodes were assessed by PET/MRI, PET/CT, MRI, and CECT, respectively, and the diagnostic efficiencies were determined with postoperative pathology as a reference standard.

Dynamic R2' Imaging can Be a Biomarker for Diagnosing and Staging Early Acute Kidney Injury in Animals.

Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential in clinical settings. None of the current biomarkers are widely applied. The combination of pulse-shifting multi-echo asymmetric spin-echo sequence (psMASE) and a modified hemodynamic response imaging (HRI) technique is promising.

Catalytic core-shell nanoparticles with self-supplied calcium and HO to enable combinational tumor inhibition.

Nanoparticles, presenting catalytic activity to induce intracellular oxidative species, have been extensively explored for tumor treatment, but suffer daunting challenges in the limited intracellular HO and thus suppressed therapeutic efficacy. Here in this study, a type of composite nanoparticles, consisting CaO core and Co-ferrocene shell, is designed and synthesized for combinational tumor treatment. The findings indicate that CaO core can be hydrolyzed to produce large amounts of HO and calcium ions at the acidic tumor sites.

Content-Noise Complementary Learning for Medical Image Denoising.

Medical imaging denoising faces great challenges, yet is in great demand. With its distinctive characteristics, medical imaging denoising in the image domain requires innovative deep learning strategies. In this study, we propose a simple yet effective strategy, the content-noise complementary learning (CNCL) strategy, in which two deep learning predictors are used to learn the respective content and noise of the image dataset complementarily.

Cu-Ferrocene-Functionalized CaO Nanoparticles to Enable Tumor-Specific Synergistic Therapy with GSH Depletion and Calcium Overload.

The conversion of endogenous H O into toxic hydroxyl radical ( OH) via catalytic nanoparticles is explored for tumor therapy and received considerable success. The intrinsic characteristics of microenvironment in tumor cells, such as limited H O and overexpressed glutathione (GSH), hinder the intracellular OH accumulation and thus weaken therapeutic efficacy considerably. In this study, fine CaO nanoparticles with Cu-ferrocene molecules at the surface (CaO /Cu-ferrocene) are successfully designed and synthesized.

Feasibility of MRI based oxygenation imaging for the assessment of acute limb ischemia.

Background: Acute limb ischemia (ALI) can lead to death and amputation. Evaluating the severity of ischemia is important but difficult, through current methods of examination. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) susceptibility-based imaging techniques for use in assessing muscle oxygenation alterations in ALI.

Quantitative renal function assessment of atheroembolic renal disease using view-shared compressed sensing based dynamic-contrast enhanced MR imaging: An in vivo study.

Atheroembolic renal disease (AERD) is the major cause of renal insufficiency in the elderly, and particularly, the diagnose of AERD is often delayed and even missed due to its nonspecific presentation and the sudden occurrence of an embolic event. To investigate the feasibility of the view-shared compressed sensing (VCS) based dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the assessment of AERD in animal models. The reproducibility of VCS DCE-MRI based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation was first evaluated using the three healthy rabbits.

A feasibility study of using noninvasive renal oxygenation imaging for the early assessment of ischemic acute kidney injury in an embolization model.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using MRI based oxygenation imaging for early assessment of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) in an embolization model.

Methods: Ischemic AKI model was induced in 40 rabbits by injection of microspheres into the right renal arteries. Animals were grouped according to the dose of microspheres: Severe AKI group, 2.

Comparison of blood oxygen level-dependent imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in animal models.

Background: Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) has clinical importance. Current methods are neither adequately sensitive nor specific. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may help to assess AKI in the early phase.

Early assessment of acute kidney injury using targeted field of view diffusion-weighted imaging: An in vivo study.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in various clinical settings. In recent years, AKI diagnostics have been investigated intensively showing the emerging need for early characterization of this disease. To verify whether targeted field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (tFOV-DWI) is feasible to significantly improve the performance of traditional full field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (fFOV-DWI) in the early assessment of AKI.

Compressed sensing based simultaneous black- and gray-blood carotid vessel wall MR imaging.

Objective: In this study, we sought to demonstrate the blood suppression performance, image quality and morphological measurements for compressed sensing (CS) based simultaneous 3D black- and gray-blood imaging sequence (CS-siBLAG) in carotid vessel wall MR imaging.

Materials And Methods: Seven healthy volunteers and five patients were recruited. Healthy subjects underwent five CS-siBLAG scans with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-fold accelerations.