Controlled bone formation using ultrasound-triggered release of BMP-2 from liposomes.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is used clinically to enhance implant-mediated bone regeneration. However, there are risks associated with the high rhBMP-2 dose that is required in the implant to mitigate diffusional loss over the therapeutic timespan. On-demand, localized control over delivery of rhBMP-2, days after implantation, would therefore be an attractive solution in the area of bone repair and reconstruction, yet this has posed a significant challenge, with little data to support in vivo efficacy to date.