Family roles in informed consent from the perspective of young Chinese doctors: a questionnaire study.

Background: Based on the principle of informed consent, doctors are required to fully inform patients and respect their medical decisions. In China, however, family members usually play a special role in the patient's informed consent, which creates a unique "doctor-family-patient" model of the physician-patient relationship. Our study targets young doctors to investigate the ethical dilemmas they may encounter in such a model, as well as their attitudes to the family roles in informed consent.

The red packet phenomenon from the perspective of young Chinese doctors: a questionnaire study.

Background: In China, informal payments in the medical profession, which workers in the public health care system receive from patients in the course of performing profession-related activities, are usually referred to as "red packets" (Hongbao ). The phenomenon of red packets is widespread and has become one of the most negative factors affecting the doctor-patient relationship in China. Our study aims to explore the situation concerning the phenomenon of red packets in China after the "Red Packet Ban".

Gender differences in response to medical red packets (Hongbao, monetary gifts): a questionnaire study on young doctors in China.

Background: The acceptance of informal payments by doctors is usually viewed as unethical behavior. However, in China, such behavior is a common practice. In this study, we focus on the gender differences in accepting red packets (informal payments) by young doctors in China.

What should adult children do for their parents?

Adult children's particular obligations to their parents are filial obligations. The gratitude of filial obligations that treats one's filial obligations as duties of gratitude to one's parents is a mainstream view. However, in terms of the requirements of such obligations, the gratitude account fails to provide practical guidance.

[Application Development of Blood Irradiation Indicator -Review].

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is known as one of common complications of blood transfusion. The blood irradiation is generally accepted as a proven method to prevent from this disease, for the reason that it makes lymphocytes inactivated in blood products. The blood irradiation indicator provides a guarantee of proper radiation dose, thus improving the transfusion safety.

Combined nonlinear metrics to evaluate spontaneous EEG recordings from chronic spinal cord injury in a rat model: a pilot study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high-cost disability and may cause permanent loss of movement and sensation below the injury location. The chance of cure in human after SCI is extremely limited. Instead, neural regeneration could have been seen in animals after SCI, and such regeneration could be retarded by blocking neural plasticity pathways, showing the importance of neural plasticity in functional recovery.

Asymmetric catalysis with chiral oxazolidine ligands.

Asymmetric catalysis with chiral 1,3-oxazolidine ligands, which have a sterically tunable, rigid structure that can accommodate several chiral centers, has found increasing attention in recent years. This trend is partly due to the intriguing ring topology of oxazolidines and the prospect of modular synthesis of a diverse set of ligands from a wide range of readily available amino alcohols. The general promise and pitfalls of the synthesis of chiral oxazolidines and the success of selected catalysts including pyridinyl and phosphine derivatives in asymmetric alkylations, alkynylations, allylic alkylations, cycloadditions, and aldol reactions is discussed.

Synthesis of chiral tertiary trifluoromethyl alcohols by asymmetric nitroaldol reaction with a Cu(II)-bisoxazolidine catalyst.

A highly enantioselective and diastereoselective copper(II)-bisoxazolidine catalyzed nitroaldol reaction with aliphatic and aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones is described.

Efficient copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides with aqueous ammonia.

The copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of a range of primary anilines from electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl halides including aryl chlorides has been achieved with aqueous ammonia, avoiding the need for inert atmosphere, expensive catalysts and ligands, anhydrous solvents, and additional base or other additives.

Copper catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides with amines and amides.

A copper(I) catalyzed procedure for carbon-nitrogen bond formation utilizing aryl halides and either amines, including amino acids and diphenylamine, or aliphatic and aromatic amides is described.

Palladium-phosphinous acid-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl and acyl halides with aryl-, alkyl-, and vinylzinc reagents.

Several palladium-phosphinous acids have been prepared and employed in cross-coupling reactions of aryl or acyl halides with aliphatic and aromatic organozinc reagents. The POPd7-catalyzed reaction of aryl halides, including electron-rich aryl chlorides, and arylzinc reagents was found to afford biaryls exhibiting alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, ketone, cyano, nitro, ester, and heteroaryl groups in 75-93% yield. Excellent results were obtained with sterically hindered substrates which gave di- and tri -ortho-substituted biaryls in up to 92% yield.

Efficient synthesis of sterically crowded biaryls by palladium-phosphinous acid-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides and aryl grignards.

A series of sterically hindered biaryls have been obtained by palladium- and nickel-phosphinous acid-catalyzed Kumada-Corriu cross-coupling of ortho-substituted aryl halides and Grignard reagents. This method allows formation of di- and tri-ortho-substituted biaryls in 87-98% yield under mild reaction conditions even when electron-rich aryl chlorides are used. The reaction also proceeds with aryl iodides at -20 degrees C, and under these conditions, functional groups that are generally not compatible with Grignard reagents are tolerated.

Three-dimensional nets from star-shaped hexakis(arylthio)triphenylene molecules and silver(I) salts.

This article reports a number of functional 3D networks based on the coordination bonds between the silver(I) ion and polycyclic aromatic 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(organylthio)triphenylene (HRTT) molecules. First, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(phenylthio)triphenylene (HPhTT) chelates with AgBF4 (or AgTf, where Tf is triflate) in the presence of hexafluorobenzene to form a 3D network (composition, HPhTT x AgBF4; space group, I4), where each Ag(I) atom is bonded to three HPhTT molecules and acts as a three-connected node that interconnects the trigonal HPhTT ligands. In addition to the relatively rare 8(2) x 10-a topology, the network features distinct channel-like domains that incorporate various solvent molecules (e.

Semiconductive coordination networks from bismuth(III) bromide and 1,2-bis(methylthio)phenylacetylene-based ligands.

This paper reports our initial efforts to integrate phenylacetylene-based conjugate pi-electron systems into hybrid semiconductive coordination networks, as part of the larger scheme to fully synergize organic functionalities and electronic properties in crystalline solid-state materials. On the basis of a well-established Pd-catalyzed procedure, ligands of 3,3',4,4'-tetrakis(methylthio)tolan (L1) and 1,3,5-tris[[3,4-bis(methylthio)phenyl]ethynyl]benzene (L2) were efficiently synthesized in relatively simple procedures. Molecule L1 reacts with BiBr3 to form a 2D semiconductive coordination network (L1.