Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Bacterial Community Assembly and Co-Occurrence Patterns in Biological Soil Crusts of Desert Ecosystems.

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play a fundamental role in desert ecosystems by stabilizing soil, cycling nutrients, and retaining moisture. However, the assembly processes governing bacterial communities within BSCs remain largely unknown. This study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in the bacterial community diversity, co-occurrence patterns, and ecological assembly processes of BSCs and their underlying soils across different desert and seasonal conditions.

Descriptive Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Genotype IV SHEV ORF3-Expressing HepG2 Cells.

Swine hepatitis E (HEV) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the swine hepatitis E virus (SHEV). Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is a key virulence factor in swine HEV, playing a crucial role in the release of viral particles, the modulation of the host innate immune response, and regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, etc. However, its main function and pathogenic mechanism remain incompletely understood.

Modulates Macrophage Inflammatory Responses to Facilitate Its Intracellular Survival by Manipulating Macrophage-Derived Exosomal ncRNAs.

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that play vital regulatory roles in intercellular communication and immune responses. (, ) is a notable Gram-positive intracellular parasitic bacterium that infects humans and diverse animal species. However, the specific biological function of exosomes secreted by macrophages during infection (hereafter EXO-LM) remains elusive.

Characteristics and Mechanism of Ammonia Nitrogen Removal by Heterotrophic Nitrification Bacterium LCU1 and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment.

In this study, a novel strain exhibiting heterotrophic nitrification was screened; subsequently, the strain was identified as LCU1 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of external factors on the NH-N removal efficiency of strain LCU1 in order to elucidate the optimal conditions for NH-N removal by the strain and improve the removal efficiency. The findings indicated that the NH-N removal efficiency of the strain exceeded 80% under optimal conditions (sodium succinate carbon source, C/N ratio of 10, initial pH of 8.

Understanding the Role of Active Lattice Oxygen in CO Oxidation Catalyzed by Copper-Doped MnO@MnO.

Although the hopcalite catalyst, primarily composed of manganese oxide and copper oxide, has been extensively studied for carbon monoxide (CO) elimination, there remains significant potential to optimize its structure and activity. Herein, Cu-doped MnO@MnO catalysts featuring highly exposed interfacial regions were prepared. The correlation between interfacial exposure and catalytic activity indicates that the interfacial region serves as the active site for CO catalytic oxidation.

Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Properties of Sodium Bentonite and Its Mechanism.

Expansive soils, widely distributed in nature, often pose challenges to construction stability due to their low unconfined compressive strength (UCS), poor shear strength, and high expansibility. This study investigates the application of phosphoric acid (HPO) in modifying sodium bentonite, focusing on its effects on the mechanical properties and swelling behavior of bentonite, as well as the underlying mechanisms. HPO was added to bentonite at mass ratios of 1% to 8%.

Preparation of Highly Antibacterial Polyethersulfone/Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Blend Composite Membrane and Research on Its Dye Separation Performance.

Bringing sulfonic acid groups into conventional polyethersulfone (PES) materials to prepare PES/sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) composite membranes has been shown to markedly enhance the hydrophilicity of the membranes and boost their separation efficiency in water treatment applications. However, membrane fouling due to microbial activity remains a critical challenge in the practical use of these membranes. Despite this, research into the antibacterial capabilities of PES/SPES composite membranes is scarce.

The Impact of the Competition on miRNA, Proteins, and Metabolites in the Blood Exosomes of the Horse.

Purpose: Horse racing may cause stress-induced physiological changes and tissue damage in horses, but the changes in miRNA expression, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of the horse after racing are still unclear. This study detected miRNA, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of horses before and after competition, providing new insights for post-race recovery and care of horses.

Method: Eight three-year-old horses that had undergone training were selected as the research subjects, with four horses that had not competed as the control group and four horses that had participated in the competition for half an hour as the training group.

Insights into Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Origins and Evolution of and , Based on Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis.

Hawthorns ( L.) are widely distributed and well known for their medicinal properties and health benefits. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships among native to China remain unclear.

Effects of Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Training on Athletic Performance of 2-Year-Old Trot-Type Yili Horses.

Objectives: Training is essential for enhancing equine athletic performance, but the genetic mechanisms that regulate athletic performance are unknown. Therefore, this paper aims to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways for the effects of training on equine athletic performance through multi-omics analyses.

Methods: The experiment selected 12 untrained trot-type Yili horses, which underwent a 12-week professional training program.

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Performance of CMZBS-Glass-Ceramic Composites with AlN Whisker Incorporation for LTCC Applications.

In this work, a small amount of AlN whiskers (ranging from 2 wt.% to 8 wt.%) was incorporated into CaO-MgO-ZnO-BO-SiO (CMZBS)-glass/AlO composites so as to obtain glass-ceramics with a thermally conductive network through sintering between 700 °C and 1000 °C.

Investigations into Replacing Calcined Clay with Sewage Sludge Ash in Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3).

The effects of replacing calcined clay with sewage sludge ash (SSA) treated under room temperature and high temperature ranging from 500 °C to 900 °C in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) have been investigated in this paper. The optimal calcination temperature for SSA was found to be 800 °C based on the results of strength and microstructure observations. The main inorganic components of sludge ash are FeO, SiO, AlO, and CaO, which are very similar to the components of calcined clay in LC3, but with a very high content of FeO (55-61%) and PO (9-10%).

Microstructure and Properties of AlCrCoFeNi High-Entropy Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering.

CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys represent a novel structural material with considerable application potential in a variety of fields, including aerospace, automobiles, ships, machining, energy, soft magnetic materials, and hydrogen storage materials. The present study investigates the impact of the Al element on the structure and properties of the alloy. The preparation of the AlCrCoFeNi ( = 0.

Genetically Elevated Selenoprotein S Levels and Risk of Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Selenoprotein S (SELENOS), one of the carrier proteins of dietary selenium (Se), is a key regulator of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, all of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. However, the causality between SELENOS and stroke risk remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the association between genetically determined plasma SELENOS levels and the risk of all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Multiplex PCR-Mass Spectrometry Mini-Sequencing Technology Detected Antibiotic Resistance of to Six Antibiotics.

The abuse of antibiotics has led to widespread resistance to () in the population. There is an urgent need to establish a method to detect multiple antibiotic resistance rapidly. This study aimed to construct a novel strategy for the high-throughput detection of 's resistance to varying antibiotics using multiplex PCR-mass spectrometry mini-sequencing (mPCR-MS mini-sequencing) technology.

The Effect of Heat Stress on Wheat Flag Leaves Revealed by Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses During the Reproductive Stage.

In this study, we were dedicated to investigating the effect caused by heat stress on wheat flag leaves. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis were introduced to identify some key biological processes. As a result, 182 and 214 metabolites were significantly changed at the anthesis and post-anthesis stages, respectively; most of them were lipids, amino acids and derivatives, phenolic acids, and alkaloids.

: A Model Organism in Muscular Dystrophy Studies.

Muscular dystrophy is a group of complicated, genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Due to the intricate nature, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy presents significant challenges. , as a versatile and genetically tractable model organism, offers substantial advantages in muscular dystrophy research.

Earthquake Forecasting Based on Value and Background Seismicity Rate in Yunnan Province, China.

Characterized by frequent earthquakes and a dense population, Yunnan Province, China, faces significant seismic hazards and is a hot place for earthquake forecasting research. In a previous study, we evaluated the performance of the value for 5-year seismic forecasting during 2000-2019 and made a forward prediction of M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in 2020-2024.

Survival Strategies and Color Preferences of Mandarin Fish () and Mud Carp (): Implications for Aquaculture.

This study evaluated the habitat coloration preferences of and in both solitary ( = 1) and group ( = 3) settings across six colors. The results indicated that both individual and group spent the majority of their time in and made frequent visits to the black area, followed by the blue area. While individual spent the majority of their time and visits in the blue region, groups showed a preference for the blue and white regions.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Corresponding Therapeutic Strategies.

Neurodegenerative disease (ND) refers to the progressive loss and morphological abnormalities of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play a broad role in cell signaling, immune response, and metabolic regulation.

Enhancing the Hydrophobicity of Chitosan Films Through Hierarchical Plant Wax Particles and Dilute Chitosan Solution Coatings.

The strong hydrophilicity of chitosan-based films limits their practical applications. To enhance the hydrophobicity of these films, hierarchical carnauba wax particles were prepared using the Pickering emulsion method and subsequently coated onto the film surfaces. The wax was stabilized with various types and concentrations of TiO.

CNPY2 in Solid Tumors: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.

Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2) has emerged as a crucial player in cancer development by promoting cell proliferation, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. This review synthesizes the current understanding of CNPY2's role in solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. CNPY2 modulates key pathways such as p53, MYLIP, NF-κB, and AKT/GSK3β, thereby driving tumor growth and progression.

The Impact of Chatbot Response Strategies and Emojis Usage on Customers' Purchase Intention: The Mediating Roles of Psychological Distance and Performance Expectancy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have been widely adopted in customer service, playing a crucial role in improving service efficiency, enhancing user experience, and elevating satisfaction levels. Current research on the impact of chatbots on consumers' purchase decisions primarily focuses on linguistic communication features, with limited exploration into the non-verbal social cues employed by chatbots. By conducting three scenario-based experiments, this study investigates the mechanisms through which chatbot response strategies (proactive vs.

Geometric Self-Supervised Learning: A Novel AI Approach Towards Quantitative and Explainable Diabetic Retinopathy Detection.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. Early detection is crucial to reducing DR-related vision loss risk but is fraught with challenges. Manual detection is labor-intensive and often misses tiny DR lesions, necessitating automated detection.