Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide, 2'-Fucosyllactose, Exerted via Modulation of M2 Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a human milk oligosaccharide, exerts anti-inflammatory effects and plays a protective role in arterial thrombosis; however, its role in ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 2'-FL and its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.

2'-Fucosyllactose and 3-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Interleukin-6-Induced Barrier Dysfunction and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with relapsing and remitting patterns, and it is caused by varied factors, such as the intestinal inflammation extent and duration. We examined the preventative effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) on epithelial barrier integrity and intestinal inflammation in an interleukin (IL)-6-induced cell model and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute mouse colitis model. HMOs including 2'-fucosyllactose (FL) and 3-FL and positive controls including fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and 5-acetylsalicylic acid (5-ASA) were orally administrated once per day to C57BL/6J mice with colitis induced by 5% DSS in the administered drinking water.

A Genome-Scale Co-Functional Network of Genes Can Accurately Reconstruct Regulatory Circuits Controlled by Two-Component Signaling Systems.

Bacterial species in the genus infect virtually all crop plants. Although many genes involved in virulence have been identified through molecular and cellular studies, the elucidation of virulence-associated regulatory circuits is still far from complete. Functional gene networks have proven useful in generating hypotheses for genetic factors of biological processes in various species.

Network-assisted investigation of virulence and antibiotic-resistance systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium of clinical significance. Although the genome of PAO1, a prototype strain of P. aeruginosa, has been extensively studied, approximately one-third of the functional genome remains unknown.

TRRUST: a reference database of human transcriptional regulatory interactions.

The reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is a long-standing challenge in human genetics. Numerous computational methods have been developed to infer regulatory interactions between human transcriptional factors (TFs) and target genes from high-throughput data, and their performance evaluation requires gold-standard interactions. Here we present a database of literature-curated human TF-target interactions, TRRUST (transcriptional regulatory relationships unravelled by sentence-based text-mining, http://www.

Network-assisted genetic dissection of pathogenicity and drug resistance in the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogenic fungus that causes meningoencephalitis. Due to the increasing global risk of cryptococcosis and the emergence of drug-resistant strains, the development of predictive genetics platforms for the rapid identification of novel genes governing pathogenicity and drug resistance of C. neoformans is imperative.

EcoliNet: a database of cofunctional gene network for Escherichia coli.

During the past several decades, Escherichia coli has been a treasure chest for molecular biology. The molecular mechanisms of many fundamental cellular processes have been discovered through research on this bacterium. Although much basic research now focuses on more complex model organisms, E.

WormNet v3: a network-assisted hypothesis-generating server for Caenorhabditis elegans.

High-throughput experimental technologies gradually shift the paradigm of biological research from hypothesis-validation toward hypothesis-generation science. Translating diverse types of large-scale experimental data into testable hypotheses, however, remains a daunting task. We previously demonstrated that heterogeneous genomics data can be integrated into a single genome-scale gene network with high prediction power for ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans, a popular metazoan model in the study of developmental biology, neurobiology and genetics.

Complementarity between distance- and probability-based methods of gene neighbourhood identification for pathway reconstruction.

Identifying gene neighbourhoods using either distance- or probability-based measures has proven effective in retrieving co-functional links. We report that these two approaches are highly complementary, with differential sensitivity for the core pathway links. We demonstrate that integrating these measures improves prediction of both pathways and phenotypes.

YeastNet v3: a public database of data-specific and integrated functional gene networks for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. baker's yeast, is a widely studied model organism in eukaryote genetics because of its simple protocols for genetic manipulation and phenotype profiling.

JiffyNet: a web-based instant protein network modeler for newly sequenced species.

Revolutionary DNA sequencing technology has enabled affordable genome sequencing for numerous species. Thousands of species already have completely decoded genomes, and tens of thousands more are in progress. Naturally, parallel expansion of the functional parts list library is anticipated, yet genome-level understanding of function also requires maps of functional relationships, such as functional protein networks.

[Relationship of socioeconomic factors with medical utilization for lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia in a South Korean community].

Objectives: We wanted to evaluate the medical underutilization for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Korean elderly men and we wanted to determine their associated factors.

Methods: This study was conducted on 239 men with LUTS and 116 men with BPH who were compatible with the diagnostic criteria from a total of 641 participants. These participants were over 50 years old and they were randomly chosen in a community-based study for estimating the prevalence of BPH.