α-Glucosidase and Bacterial β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors from the Stems of Staph.

α-Glucosidase (AGS) is a therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that tends to complicate with other diseases. Some medications for the treatment of T2DM complications have the risk of inducing severe adverse reactions such as diarrhea via the metabolism of intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase (BGUS). The development of new AGS and/or BGUS inhibitors may improve the therapeutic effects of T2DM and its complications.

Diverse diterpenoids with α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase inhibitory activities from Euphorbia milii.

Four undescribed regular rosane-type diterpenoids euphominoids M-P and three undescribed rearranged rosane-type diterpenoids euphomilones C-E were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia milii Des Moul., along with nine known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed interpretation of the NMR and mass spectroscopy.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the stems of .

Chemical investigation into the stems of the medicinal plant led to the isolation and identification of a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan sphaerandrin A () and 11 known ones gomisin B (), schirubrisin B (), kadsuphilin B (), schizandrin (), benzoylgomisin Q (), angeloylgomisin Q (), gomisin G (), schisanwilsonin O (), isogomisin O (), schisantherin D (), and wuweizisu C (). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, compounds - were obtained from this species for the first time.

Spiroinonotsuoxotriols A and B, Two Highly Rearranged Triterpenoids from .

Spiroinonotsuoxotriols A () and B (), two highly rearranged pentacyclic triterpenoids featuring a novel 7(8 → 9)abeo-21,24-cyclo-lanostane skeleton, together with their proposed precursors -, were isolated from the sclerotia of the white-rot fungus . Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The biogenetic pathway of and was proposed.

Induced production of a new polyketide in sp. HS-11 by chemical epigenetic manipulation.

Chemical investigation into the culture broth of the plant endophyte sp. HS-11 in the modified Martin's medium supplemented with subemylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitor, led to the isolation and identification of two induced products 4-epipenicillone B () and ()-(+)-chrysogine (). 4-epipenicillone B () was obtained as a new compound whose structure was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D/2D NMR, HRESMS, and quantum chemistry calculations including DFT GIAO C NMR and ECD calculation.

Biotransformation of Huperzine A by Irpex lacteus-A fungal endophyte of Huperzia serrata.

The biotransformation of huperzine A (hupA), one of the characteristic bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata, by a fungal endophyte of the host plant was studied. Two previously undescribed compounds 1-2, along with a known analog 8α,15α-epoxyhuperzine A (3), were isolated and identified. The structures of all the isolates were established by spectroscopic methods including NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectra.

Biotransformation of Huperzine B by a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata.

The biotransformation of huperzine B (hupB), one of the characteristic bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata, by a fungal endophyte of the host plant was studied. One new compound, 8α,15α-epoxyhuperzine B (1), along with two known oxygenated hupB analogs, 16-hydroxyhuperzine B (2) and carinatumin B (3), was isolated and identified. The structures of all the isolates were deduced by spectroscopic methods including NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectra.