Ventral Anterior Cingulate Atrophy as a Predisposing Factor for Transient Global Amnesia.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with acute transient global amnesia (TGA) using volumetric analysis to verify whether the brains of TGA patients have pre-existing structural abnormalities.

Methods: We evaluated the brain MRI data from 87 TGA patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We included brain MRIs obtained from TGA patients within 72 hours of symptom onset to verify the pre-existence of structural change.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease presenting as unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis: a case report.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations including myelitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and optic neuritis. MOGAD rarely presents with unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE), rendering the diagnosis difficult in these cases. Furthermore, MOGAD is frequently accompanied by other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease or inflammatory bowel disease.

Association between T1w/T2w ratio in white matter and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

Loss of myelin in the brain may lead to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ratio of T1 weighted/T2 weighted (T1w/T2w) on magnetic resonance imaging has been used as a proxy for myelin content in the brain. Using this approach, we investigated the correlation between the white matter (WM) T1w/T2w ratio and both cognitive scores and disease progression in AD.

Time Perception and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Background And Purpose: Episodic memory is a system that receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes and their interrelations. Our study aimed to investigate the relevance of episodic memory to time perception, with a specific focus on simultaneity/order judgment.

Methods: Experiment 1 employed the simultaneity judgment task to discern differences in time perception between patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and age-matched normals.

A case of hyperacute postvaccinal encephalopathy after BNT162b2 nCoV-19 vaccine.

The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic contributed to the development of a large variety of vaccines, of which postvaccinal hyperacute encephalopathy is a very rare complication. Despite its rarity, if diagnosed properly, appropriate treatment can be rapidly applied. A healthy 53-year-old woman was admitted for a seizure on the day she received the second dose of the BNT 162b2 nCoV-19 vaccine.

Identifying genetic variants for amyloid β in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment.

Background: The genetic basis of amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is still unknown. Here, we investigated genetic variants involved in Aβ deposition in patients with SVCI.

Methods: We recruited a total of 110 patients with SVCI and 424 patients with Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI), who underwent Aβ positron emission tomography and genetic testing.

Large multi-ethnic genetic analyses of amyloid imaging identify new genes for Alzheimer disease.

Amyloid PET imaging has been crucial for detecting the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain and to study Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a genome-wide association study on the largest collection of amyloid imaging data (N = 13,409) to date, across multiple ethnicities from multicenter cohorts to identify variants associated with brain amyloidosis and AD risk. We found a strong APOE signal on chr19q.

Cortical neuroanatomical changes related to specific language impairments in primary progressive aphasia.

Objective: Language function test-specific neural substrates in Korean patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) might differ from those in other causes of dementia and English-speaking PPA patients. We investigated the correlation between language performance tests and cortical thickness to determine neural substrates in Korean patients with PPA.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six patients with PPA were recruited from the memory clinic.

Decreased visual acuity is related to thinner cortex in cognitively normal adults: cross-sectional, single-center cohort study.

Background: Decreased visual acuity (VA) is reported to be a risk factor for dementia. However, the association between VA and cortical thickness has not been established. We investigated the association between VA and cortical thickness in cognitively normal adults.

Ethnic differences in the frequency of β-amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals.

We investigated which factors might explain the differences between the frequencies of brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in Korean and European cognitively normal individuals (CNs). We recruited 434 Korean CNs from the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) and 323 European CNs from the US Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The Korean CNs showed lower education duration (11.

Clinical Characteristic in Primary Progressive Aphasia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers.

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. However, clinical feature of PPA based on Aβ positivity remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of Aβ positivity in patients with PPA and compare the clinical characteristics of patients with Aβ-positive (A+) and Aβ-negative (A-) PPA.

A Case of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Mimicking Schizophrenia in a Patient with Presenilin 1 Mutation (S170P).

Atypical psychological symptoms frequently occur in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), which makes it difficult to differentiate it from other psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with EOAD, carrying a presenilin-1 mutation (S170P), who was initially misdiagnosed with schizophrenia because of prominent psychiatric symptoms in the first 1-2 years of the disease. Amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) showed remarkably high tracer uptake in the striatum and thalamus.

Effects of Electrical Automatic Massage on Cognition and Sleep Quality in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Muscle relaxation following electrical automatic massage (EAM) has been found to reduce fatigue, depression, stress, anxiety, and pain in individuals with various conditions. However, the effects of EAM have not been extensively explored in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Materials And Methods: Here, we conducted a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effects of EAM on the cognitive and non-cognitive functions of patients with AD spectrum disorders.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Is Associated with Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Normal Men.

Background: An association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and dementia was reported in previous studies; however, the evidence is inconsistent.

Objective: In the present study, the association between H.

Identifying novel genetic variants for brain amyloid deposition: a genome-wide association study in the Korean population.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genetic variants for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most GWAS were conducted in individuals of European ancestry, and non-European populations are still underrepresented in genetic discovery efforts. Here, we performed GWAS to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with amyloid β (Aβ) positivity using a large sample of Korean population.

Cognitive trajectories of patients with focal ß-amyloid deposition.

Background: The presence of ß-amyloid (Aß) in the brain can be identified using amyloid PET. In clinical practice, the amyloid PET is interpreted based on dichotomous visual rating, which renders focal Aß accumulation be read as positive for Aß. However, the prognosis of patients with focal Aß deposition is not well established.

Polymorphism in the MAGI2 Gene Modifies the Effect of Amyloid β on Neurodegeneration.

Introduction: A weak association between amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as brain atrophy, has been repeatedly reported in a subset of patients with Alzheimer disease, suggesting individual differences in response to Aβ deposition.

Methods: Here, we performed a genome-wide interaction study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that modify the effect of Aβ (measured by 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography) on brain atrophy (measured by cortical thickness using magnetic resonance imaging). We used magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database [discovery cohort, ADNI-GO/2 (n=723) and replication cohort, ADNI-1 (n=129)].

Detection of gray matter microstructural changes in Alzheimer's disease continuum using fiber orientation.

Background: This study aimed to investigate feasible gray matter microstructural biomarkers with high sensitivity for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection. We propose a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure, "radiality", as an early AD biomarker. It is the dot product of the normal vector of the cortical surface and primary diffusion direction, which reflects the fiber orientation within the cortical column.

Genetic variants beyond amyloid and tau associated with cognitive decline: A cohort study.

Objective: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cognitive decline independent of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: Discovery and replication datasets consisting of 414 individuals (94 cognitively normal control [CN], 185 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 135 with AD) and 72 individuals (22 CN, 39 with MCI, and 11 with AD), respectively, were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify SNPs associated with individual cognitive function (measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale ) while controlling for the level of Aβ and tau (measured as CSF phosphorylated-tau/Aβ).

Factor analysis-derived cognitive profile predicting early dementia conversion in PD.

Objectives: To investigate which baseline neuropsychological profile predicts the risk of developing dementia in early-stage Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed detailed medical records of 350 drug-naive patients with early-stage PD (follow-up >3 years) who underwent a detailed neuropsychological test at initial assessment. Factor analysis was conducted to determine cognitive profiles that yielded 4 cognitive function factors: factor 1, visual memory/visuospatial; factor 2, verbal memory; factor 3, frontal/executive; and factor 4, attention/working memory/language.

Identifying the Functional Brain Network of Motor Reserve in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) does not always correlate with the degree of nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss. Individuals with greater motor reserve may have milder motor signs than their striatal dopamine loss. In this study, we explored the functional brain network associated with motor reserve in early-stage PD.