A review of the extraction processes and biological characteristics of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides.

Polysaccharides are the main chemical components of Chrysanthemum, which has long been used as a tea drink and as a medicinal and nutritional food in China. Research on Chrysanthemum polysaccharides has illustrated their strong phytochemistry and pharmacology properties. Here, the physicochemical and structural properties and biological activities of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides are reviewed and described.

Analyzing public opinion on COVID-19 through different perspectives and stages.

In recent months, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and had a huge impact on the world. People under different conditions have very different attitudes toward the epidemic. Due to the real-time and large-scale nature of social media, we can continuously obtain a massive amount of public opinion information related to the epidemic from social media.

B2M gene expression shapes the immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma and determines the response to immunotherapy.

Loss of the B2M gene is associated with tumour immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy. However, genetic alterations of the B2M gene are rare. We performed an integrative analysis of the mutational and transcriptional profiles of large cohorts of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and found that epigenetic downregulation of B2M is common.

Bacteriophage biocontrol of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O145 biofilms on stainless steel reduces the contamination of beef.

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) can form biofilms and frequently cause serious foodborne illnesses. A strain of STEC O145:H25 (EC19990166) known to be a strong biofilm former was used to evaluate the efficacy of bacteriophage AZO145A against biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) coupons. Exposure of STEC O145:H25 to phage AZO145A (10 PFU/mL) for 2 h resulted in a 4.

Resistance mechanisms adopted by a Salmonella Typhimurium mutant against bacteriophage.

Bacteriophages have key roles in regulating bacterial populations in most habitats. A Salmonella Typhimurium mutant (N18) with impaired sensitivity to phage fmb-p1 was obtained and examined, the adsorption efficiency of fmb-p1 to N18 was reduced to 6%, compared to more than 97% for wild type S. Typhimurium CMCC50115.

Recent advances on the difructose anhydride IV preparation from levan conversion.

Difructose anhydride IV (DFA IV) is a cyclic disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues, which is obtained from levan conversion with levan fructotransferase (LFTase) and rarely found in nature as a low-calorie sugar substitute. Some beneficial effects of DFA IV connected with its consumption have been described. The article reviews the properties and physiological functions of DFA IV, levan conversion, resources and properties of LFTase and the produced methods of DFA IV.

Design and Properties of an Immobilization Enzyme System for Inulin Conversion.

A commercial inulinase could convert inulin into fructose, which was optimized to be entrapped in the calcium alginate-gelatin beads with the immobilization yield of 86% for free inulinase activities. The optimum pH values and temperatures were 4.5 and 40 °C for the free enzyme and 5.

Dry powder preparation of inulin fructotransferase from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 fermented liquor.

Difructosan anhydrides III (DFA III) are usually obtained by inulin conversion with inulin fructotransferase (IFTase). IFTase liquor is difficult to store for a long time, which could greatly restrict its application and DFA III production. To meet DFA III scale-up preparation, this work was explored to research dry powder preparation of IFTase from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.

Difructosan anhydrides III preparation from sucrose by coupled enzyme reaction.

Difructosan anhydrides III (DFA III) preparation was usually obtained by inulin hydrolysis with inulin fructotransferase (IFTase). The fructofuranosidic linkages of inulin were the same as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which was synthesized by sucrose with fructosyltransferase (FTase). FOS was mainly composed of 1-kestose (GF(2)), nystose (GF(3)) and fructofuranosylnystose (GF(4)), and nystose was observed to be the smallest substrate for IFTase to synthesize DFA III.

Cloning and extracellular expression of inulin fructotransferase from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 in E. coli.

Background: Difructose anhydride (DFA) III is a natural and low-calorie sweetener. It stimulates the absorption of calcium and other minerals. Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase; EC 4.

DFA III production from inulin with inulin fructotransferase in ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor.

An ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor was used for the production of DFA III from enzymatic conversion of inulin. Compared with the traditional batch reactor, the productivity and purity of DFA III could be markedly enhanced and product inhibition was removed and IFTase could be continuously used for six runs in the UF membrane bioreactor. When the substrate concentration was 100 g/L, the concentration of DFA III was about 78.

Recent advances on biological difructose anhydride III production using inulase II from inulin.

Difructose anhydride III (DFA III), the smallest cyclic disaccharide, consists of two fructose residues. DFA III is a hydrolysate of inulin and is rarely found in nature. Industrial interest in DFA III as a low-calorie sugar substitute is increasing.