Unlocking P(V): Reagents for chiral phosphorothioate synthesis.

Phosphorothioate nucleotides have emerged as powerful pharmacological substitutes of their native phosphodiester analogs with important translational applications in antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics and cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) synthesis. Stereocontrolled installation of this chiral motif has long been hampered by the systemic use of phosphorus(III) [P(III)]-based reagent systems as the sole practical means of oligonucleotide assembly. A fundamentally different approach is described herein: the invention of a P(V)-based reagent platform for programmable, traceless, diastereoselective phosphorus-sulfur incorporation.

Astaxanthin mitigates subarachnoid hemorrhage injury primarily by increasing sirtuin 1 and inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.

Inflammation plays a key role in the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we examined the effects of astaxanthin (ATX) on the inflammatory response and secondary damage after SAH and the underlying mechanisms of action. In vivo, a prechiasmatic cistern injection model was established in rats and mice.

Biochanin A Reduces Inflammatory Injury and Neuronal Apoptosis following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Suppression of the TLRs/TIRAP/MyD88/NF-B Pathway.

Inflammatory injury and neuronal apoptosis participate in the period of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Suppression of inflammation has recently been shown to reduce neuronal death and neurobehavioral dysfunction post SAH. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural bioactive isoflavonoid, has been confirmed to emerge the anti-inflammatory pharmacological function.

Cerebroprotection by salvianolic acid B after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs via Nrf2- and SIRT1-dependent pathways.

Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the herb of Salvia miltiorrhiza, possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and has been shown to be beneficial for diseases that affect vasculature and cognitive function. Here we investigated the protective effects of SalB against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced oxidative damage, and the involvement of underlying molecular mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, SalB inhibited SAH-induced oxidative damage.

Risk Factors Associated with Neurologic Deterioration After Combined Direct and Indirect Revascularization in Patients with Moyamoya Disease on the East Coast of China.

Objective: Neurologic deterioration is the primary distinctive complication after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). The present study investigated the risk factors for neurologic deterioration after combined direct and indirect revascularization in patients with MMD.

Methods: A retrospective review of 123 patients with MMD undergoing 138 combined direct and indirect revascularization procedures was performed.

Melatonin Treatment Regulates SIRT3 Expression in Early Brain Injury (EBI) Due to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in a Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH).

BACKGROUND A mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) investigated the effects of melatonin treatment on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of the SIRT3 gene in early brain injury (EBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three groups: the SAH group; the sham group; and the SAH + melatonin-treated group (intraperitoneal dose, 150 mg/kg). TUNEL was used to study apoptosis of neuronal cells, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry detected expression of Sirt3, Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3.

The rise of soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in CSF early after subarachnoid hemorrhage correlates with cerebral vasospasm.

Platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGFβ) has been proposed to contribute to the development of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) is considered to be an inhibitor of PDGF signaling. We aimed at determining the sPDGFRβ concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and analyzing the relationship between sPDGFRβ level and CVS. CSF was sampled from 32 patients who suffered aSAH and five normal controls.

Effect of PT symmetry on nonlinear waves for three-wave interaction models in the quadratic nonlinear media.

We study the three-wave interaction that couples an electromagnetic pump wave to two frequency down-converted daughter waves in a quadratic optical crystal and PT-symmetric potentials. PT symmetric potentials are shown to modulate stably nonlinear modes in two kinds of three-wave interaction models. The first one is a spatially extended three-wave interaction system with odd gain-and-loss distribution in the channel.

Cohesively enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability of silver nanowire networks by nickel ion bridge joining.

A facile method for producing high-performance nickel enhanced silver nanowire (Ag NW) transparent electrodes on a flexible substrate is reported. The modified electroplating method called enhanced nickel ion bridge joining of Ag NWs, which provides a new route for improving the loose junctions in bare Ag NW networks. The sheet resistance of Ag NW electrode drops from over 2000 Ω sq to 9.

Biphasic activation of nuclear factor-κB and expression of p65 and c-Rel following traumatic neuronal injury.

The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been shown to function as a key regulator of cell death or survival in neuronal cells. Previous studies indicate that the biphasic activation of NF-κB occurs following experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the comprehensive understanding of NF-κB activity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is incomplete.

Peroxiredoxin 2 activates microglia by interacting with Toll-like receptor 4 after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Peroxiredoxin (Prx) protein family have been reported as important damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in ischemic stroke. Since peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is the third most abundant protein in erythrocytes and the second most protein in the cerebrospinal fluid in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, we assessed the role of extracellular Prx2 in the context of SAH.

Methods: We introduced a co-culture system of primary neurons and microglia.

Case report about a successful full robotic radical gastric cancer surgery with intracorporeal robot-sewn anastomosis in a patient with situs inversus totalis and a two-and-a-half-year follow-up study.

Background: During the last decade, total laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients has been developed as alternatives to open resection. In recent years, this minimally invasive surgery has been extended using robotic-assisted surgery.

Case Presentation: Here, we report a surgical intervention using a Da Vinci surgical robot in which a lower two-third stomach resection with subsequent Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was performed.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester synergistically enhances the antifungal activity of fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans.

Background: Owing to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal infections, treatments with a combination of antifungal agents are often considered. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a major active component of propolis, possesses many biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between CAPE and fluconazole (FLC) against Candida albicans.

Growth kinetics of CuSn intermetallic compound in Cu-liquid Sn interfacial reaction enhanced by electric current.

In this paper, electric currents with the densities of 1.0 × 10 A/cm and 2.0 × 10 A/cm were imposed to the Cu-liquid Sn interfacial reaction at 260 °C and 300 °C with the bonding times from 15 min to 960 min.

Dietary miR-451 protects erythroid cells from oxidative stress via increasing the activity of Foxo3 pathway.

One fundamental issue in public health is the safety of food products derived from plants and animals. A recent study raised a concern that microRNAs, which widely exist in everyday foods, may alter consumers' functions. However, some studies have strongly questioned the likelihood of dietary uptake of functional microRNAs in mammals.

Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of two unique Cu(ii)-based coordination polymers involving a crystal-to-crystal structural transformation from a 1D chain to a 3D network.

Two new coordination polymers, Cu(Hbsal)(4,4'-bpy) (1) and Cu(bsal)(4,4'-bpy)·DMF (2), have been synthesized from 5-bromosalicylic acid (Hbsal) and the auxiliary ligand 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) through a slow diffusion method. Compound 1 is composed of parallel 1D linear chains, whereas compound 2 represents a non-interpenetrated 3D sod net which is constructed from left and right-handed helical chains alternately separated by 4,4'-bpy. The most interesting finding is that compound 1 can be irreversibly transformed into 2 in a crystal-to-crystal manner in the case that compound 1 is immersed in the DMF solvent.

Thirty-Day and One-Year Clinical Outcomes of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Implantation: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Available data on the use of the Bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) in real-world patients is limited, particularly in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes of patients treated with a BVS in real-world practice in Taiwan.

Methods: This study focused on 156 patients with coronary artery disease and a total of 249 lesions who received BVS implantation from October 2012 to October 2015.

Resveratrol Attenuates Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Previous studies have demonstrated resveratrol (RSV) has beneficial effects in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the beneficial effects of RSV and the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly identified. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays a crucial role in the EBI pathogenesis.

Inhibition of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 provides neuroprotection in early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Accumulating of evidence suggests that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) exacerbates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by provoking pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is an endogenous adaptor protein in the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL) -1β family signaling pathways and acts as a bottle neck in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Here, we used ST2825, a selective inhibitor of MyD88, to clarify whether inhibiting MyD88 could provide neuroprotection in EBI following SAH.

Inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis protects against early brain injury possibly via reducing the neutrophil-generated inflammatory response and oxidative stress after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a highly potent neutrophil chemoattractant and neutrophils induces inflammatory response and oxidative stress when they recruit to and infiltrate in the injuried/inflamed site, such as the brain parenchyma after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is to investigate the potential effects of inhibition of LTB4 synthesis on neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as early brain injury (EBI) in rats after SAH. A pre-chiasmatic cistern SAH model of rats was used in this experiment.

Melatonin attenuated the brain damage and cognitive impairment partially through MT2 melatonin receptor in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a spectrum of cognitive impairment caused by various chronic diseases including aging, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative and inflammatory reactions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP) are believed to cause VCI. Melatonin is reported to possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects.

Weak-light vector rogue waves, breathers, and their Stern-Gerlach deflection via electromagnetically induced transparency.

We propose a scheme for generating and manipulating vector (or two-component) optical rogue waves using Akhmediev and Kuznetsov-Ma breathers in a coherent atomic system with an M-type five-level configuration via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that the propagation velocity of these nonlinear excitations can be reduced to 10c and their generation power can be lowered to microwatts. We also show that the motion trajectories of the two polarization components in these excitations can be deflected significantly by using a transversal gradient magnetic field, similar to the Stern-Gerlach effect of an atomic beam.

Multi-path photon-phonon converter in optomechanical system at single-quantum level.

Based on photon-phonon nonlinear interaction, a scheme of controllable photon-phonon converters is proposed at single-quantum level in a composed quadratically coupled optomechanical system. With the assistance of the mechanical oscillator, the Kerr nonlinear effect between photon and phonon is enhanced so that the single-photon state can be converted into the phonon state with high fidelity even under the current experimental condition that the single-photon coupling rate is much smaller than mechanical frequency (g ≪ ωm). The state transfer protocols and their transfer fidelity are discussed analytically and numerically.

Anemia: A significant cardiovascular mortality risk after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by the comorbidities of hypertension and kidney disease.

Background: The effect of anemia on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of anemia on STEMI patients.

Methods And Results: From January 2005 to December 2014, 1751 patients experienced STEMI checked serum hemoglobin initially before any administration of fluids or IV medications.