Versatile DNA Balances via Adjacent Base Stacking for Homogeneous Assay of Energy Parameters, Small Molecules, And Ribonuclease.

Homogeneous assays often obviate any separation and washing steps, thus minimizing the risks of contamination and false positive. DNA toehold exchange is a homogeneous, reversible process whose thermodynamic properties can be finely tuned for various assay applications. However, the developed probes often rely on direct interactions of analytes with DNA strands involved in toehold exchange, limiting the versatility of probe design.