Sonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Excursion and Thickness in Healthy Infants and Children.

Objectives: M-mode sonography is a noninvasive method for detection of diaphragmatic excursion and thickness. A few studies have assessed diaphragmatic kinetics in children with diaphragmatic paresis and paralysis, but to our knowledge, no data about normal values in pediatrics are available. The aims of this study were to determine reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness, as evaluated by sonography in healthy infants and children, and identify correlations between them and anthropometric measurements, age, and sex.

Normal saline is a safe initial rehydration fluid in children with diarrhea-related hypernatremia.

Unlabelled: To demonstrate safety and efficacy of using normal saline (NS) for initial volume expansion (IVE) and rehydration in children with diarrhea-related hypernatremic dehydration (DR-HD), forty eight patients with DR-HD were retrospectively studied. NS was used as needed for IVE and for initial rehydration. Fluid deficit was given over 48 h.

Comparison of intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange in treatment of mechanically ventilated children with Guillain Barré syndrome: a randomized study.

Introduction: Respiratory failure is a life threatening complication of Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). There is no consensus on the specific treatment for this subset of children with GBS.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized study to compare the outcome of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PE) treatment in children with GBS requiring mechanical ventilation.