Omitting Ciprofloxacin Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Its Impact on Clinical Outcomes and Microbiome Structure.

Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) reduces bloodstream infections. However, this practice affects the gut microbiome and potentially increases dysbiosis, which is closely related to transplantation outcomes, and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This study assessed the impact of omitting ciprofloxacin prophylaxis on GI GVHD, clinical outcomes, and microbiome composition in patients undergoing allo-HSCT.