Antarctic benthic diatoms after 10 months of dark exposure: consequences for photosynthesis and cellular integrity.

Antarctic algae are exposed to prolonged periods of extreme darkness due to polar night, and coverage by ice and snow can extend such dark conditions to up to 10 months. A major group of microalgae in benthic habitats of Antarctica are diatoms, which are key primary producers in these regions. However, the effects of extremely prolonged dark exposure on their photosynthesis, cellular ultrastructure, and cell integrity remain unknown.

Effect of pre-intercalation on Li-ion diffusion mapped by topochemical single-crystal transformation and operando investigation.

Limitations in electrochemical performance as well as supply chain challenges have rendered positive electrode materials a critical bottleneck for Li-ion batteries. State-of-the-art Li-ion batteries fall short of accessing theoretical capacities. As such, there is intense interest in the design of strategies that enable the more effective utilization of active intercalation materials.

Ups and downs of lysosomal pH: conflicting roles of LAMP proteins?

The acidic pH of lysosomes is critical for catabolism in eukaryotic cells and is altered in neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer and Parkinson. Recent reports using Drosophila and mammalian cell culture systems have identified novel and, at first sight, conflicting roles for the lysosomal associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) in the regulation of the endolysosomal system. AD: Alzheimer disease; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LTR: LysoTracker; PD: Parkinson disease; TMEM175: transmembrane protein 175; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H-translocating ATPase.

Synaptic BMAL1 phosphorylation controls circadian hippocampal plasticity.

The time of day strongly influences adaptive behaviors like long-term memory, but the correlating synaptic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The circadian clock comprises a canonical transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) strictly dependent on the BMAL1 transcription factor. We report that BMAL1 rhythmically localizes to hippocampal synapses in a manner dependent on its phosphorylation at Ser [pBMAL1(S42)].

Linker-Assisted Assembly of Ligand-Bridged CdS/MoS Heterostructures: Tunable Light-Harvesting Properties and Ligand-Dependent Control of Charge-Transfer Dynamics and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

We used linker-assisted assembly (LAA) to tether CdS quantum dots (QDs) to MoS nanosheets via -cysteine () or mercaptoalkanoic acids (MAAs) of varying lengths, yielding ligand-bridged CdS/MoS heterostructures for redox photocatalysis. LAA afforded precise control over the light-harvesting properties of QDs within heterostructures. Photoexcited CdS QDs transferred electrons to molecularly linked MoS nanosheets from both band-edge and trap states; the electron-transfer dynamics was tunable with the properties of bridging ligands.

Effect of Stereochemically Active Electron Lone Pairs on Magnetic Ordering in Trivanadates.

Stereoactive electron lone pairs derived from filled 5/6s states of p-block cations are an intriguing electronic and geometric structure motif that have been exploited for diverse applications such as thermoelectrics, thermochromics, photocatalysis, and nonlinear optics. Layered trivanadates are dynamic intercalation hosts, where the insertion of cations can be used to tune electron correlation, charge localization, and magnetic ordering. However, the interaction of 5/6s stereoactive electron lone pairs with layered trivanadates remains unexplored.

Presence of flavoured electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products in US ENDS advertisements, 2015-2020: a content analysis.

Objectives: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products come in a variety of flavours (eg, fruit, dessert, menthol). Tobacco advertising has historically used flavours as an advertising tactic, but little is known about flavour type and prevalence in ENDS advertisements. We assess the presence of flavoured ENDS in ads over time, by media outlet (eg, magazines, online) and brand.

Nicotine-related content in English language ENDS advertisements in the US: 2018-2020.

There is no standard way to communicate to consumers how much nicotine is present in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This study assessed the inclusion of nicotine-related content, including nicotine strength, in a sample of English language ENDS advertisements that appeared in consumer and business-to-business outlets in the US during 2018-2020. The sample, provided by a media surveillance company, included ads from television, radio, newspapers, magazines (consumer and business-to-business), online platforms, outdoor/billboards, and direct-to-consumer emails.

Tunnel-Structured ζ-VO as a Redox-Active Insertion Host for Hybrid Capacitive Deionization.

Much of the earth's water has a salt content that is too high for human consumption or agricultural use. Enhanced oil recovery operations generate massive volumes of produced water waste with a high mineral content that can substantially exacerbate water distress. Current deionization techniques such as reverse osmosis function by removing the water (majority phase) from the salt (minority phase) and are thus exceedingly energy-intensive.

Textured ceramic membranes for desilting and deoiling of produced water in the Permian Basin.

Oil production in the Permian Basin gives rise to large volumes of produced water contaminated by silt, emulsified oil, and additives used for enhanced oil recovery. There is intense interest in the design of membrane modules as sustainable alternatives for produced water treatment to enable the reuse of produced water for agricultural applications, injection into aquifers, and redeployment in oil recovery. Here, we report a hierarchically textured cement-based membrane exhibiting orthogonal wettability, specifically, superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic characteristics.

History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Static Balance under Complex Multisensory Manipulations.

A recent study in active-duty military in the Coast Guard suggested that lifetime experience with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) was associated with subtle deficits in postural control when exposed to multi-sensory discordance (i.e., rotating visual stimulation).

Cation reordering instead of phase transitions: Origins and implications of contrasting lithiation mechanisms in 1D ζ- and 2D α-VO.

Substantial improvements in cycle life, rate performance, accessible voltage, and reversible capacity are required to realize the promise of Li-ion batteries in full measure. Here, we have examined insertion electrodes of the same composition (VO) prepared according to the same electrode specifications and comprising particles with similar dimensions and geometries that differ only in terms of their atomic connectivity and crystal structure, specifically two-dimensional (2D) layered α-VO that crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group and one-dimensional (1D) tunnel-structured ζ-VO crystallized in a monoclinic space group. By using particles of similar dimensions, we have disentangled the role of specific structural motifs and atomistic diffusion pathways in affecting electrochemical performance by mapping the dynamical evolution of lithiation-induced structural modifications using ex situ scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements, and phase-field modeling.

Effect of crystallite geometries on electrochemical performance of porous intercalation electrodes by multiscale operando investigation.

Lithium-ion batteries are yet to realize their full promise because of challenges in the design and construction of electrode architectures that allow for their entire interior volumes to be reversibly accessible for ion storage. Electrodes constructed from the same material and with the same specifications, which differ only in terms of dimensions and geometries of the constituent particles, can show surprising differences in polarization, stress accumulation and capacity fade. Here, using operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD), we probe the mechanistic origins of the remarkable particle geometry-dependent modification of lithiation-induced phase transformations in VO as a model phase-transforming cathode.

CHEST Watch: A High School Outreach Program.

As the US population ages, health care workforce shortages are projected in surgery, medicine, and nursing. We describe an outreach program aimed at exposing high school students to health care as a career choice while emphasizing science courses and prevention of tobacco use. High school students were invited to participate in CHEST Watch, a structured educational program based on thoracic pathology.

Halide Replacement with Complete Preservation of Crystal Lattice in Mixed-Anion Lanthanide Oxyhalides.

A challenge in anion control in periodic solids is to preserve the crystal lattice while substituting for different anions of widely varying size and hardness. Post-synthetic modification routes that place cations or anions in non-equilibrium configurations are promising; however, such methods remain relatively unexplored for anion placement. Here, we report the synthesis of LaOI nanocrystals by a non-hydrolytic sol-gel condensation reaction and their transformation into LaOBr, LaOCl, and LaOF nanocrystals along hard-soft acid-base principles using post-synthetic metathesis reactions with ammonium halides.

Lowering A1c Through Integrated Behavioral Health Group Visits.

Introduction & Objective: Suboptimal adherence to medication and lifestyle modification continues to be a problem in diabetic patients in the US. Previous studies have investigated the potential of group educational visits in improving medication adherence and short-term health outcomes, but few have done so using a biopsychosocial approach in visits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect that group visits, conducted using an integrated behavioral health model at a primary care practice, had on A1c and distress levels in diabetic adults.

Enhanced Acquisition and Retention of Conditioned Eyeblink Responses in Veterans Expressing PTSD Symptoms: Modulation by Lifetime History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Enhanced acquisition of eyeblink conditioning is observed in active duty military and veterans expressing PTSD symptoms (PTSD) and those expressing temperamental vulnerabilities to develop PTSD after traumatic experiences, such as behaviorally inhibited temperament. There is a growing literature showing persistent cerebellar abnormalities in those experiencing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as well as linkages between mTBI and PTSD. With the dependency of eyeblink conditioning on cerebellar processes, the impact of mTBI on eyeblink conditioning in veterans expressing PTSD is unknown.

Cardiorespiratory Response to Moderate Hypercapnia in Female College Students Expressing Behaviorally Inhibited Temperament.

Behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament is marked by heightened behavioral sensitivity to environmental threats. The degree to which threat sensitivity is reflected in cardiorespiratory responses has been relatively unexplored. Female college students were exposed to modest hypercapnia (7.

Acute pulmonary oedema and hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis following operative hysteroscopy using sodium chloride 0.9.

Fluid media including sodium chloride 0.9% are used during operative hysteroscopy to provide uterine distension and aid visualisation. Volume overload is a known complication of their use but is usually associated with long procedures or uterine tissue dissection.

An Atomic View of Cation Diffusion Pathways from Single-Crystal Topochemical Transformations.

The diffusion pathways of Li-ions as they traverse cathode structures in the course of insertion reactions underpin many questions fundamental to the functionality of Li-ion batteries. Much current knowledge derives from computational models or the imaging of lithiation behavior at larger length scales; however, it remains difficult to experimentally image Li-ion diffusion at the atomistic level. Here, by using topochemical Li-ion insertion and extraction to induce single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations in a tunnel-structured V O polymorph, coupled with operando powder X-ray diffraction, we leverage single-crystal X-ray diffraction to identify the sequence of lattice interstitial sites preferred by Li-ions to high depths of discharge, and use electron density maps to create a snapshot of ion diffusion in a metastable phase.

Collateral damage: the impact on outcomes from cancer surgery of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Cancer diagnostics and surgery have been disrupted by the response of health care services to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Progression of cancers during delay will impact on patients' long-term survival.

Patients And Methods: We generated per-day hazard ratios of cancer progression from observational studies and applied these to age-specific, stage-specific cancer survival for England 2013-2017.

Results of Lung Cancer Screening in the Community.

Purpose: To address doubts regarding National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) generalizability, we analyzed over 6,000 lung cancer screenings (LCSs) within a community health system.

Methods: Our LCS program included 10 sites, 7 hospitals (2 non-university tertiary care, 5 community) and 3 free-standing imaging centers. Primary care clinicians referred patients.