Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy in a family of Labrador retrievers with a LARGE1 mutation.

Alpha-dystroglycan (αDG) is a highly glycosylated cell surface protein with a significant role in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions in muscle. αDG interaction with extracellular ligands relies on the activity of the LARGE1 glycosyltransferase that synthesizes and extends the heteropolysaccharide matriglycan. Abnormalities in αDG glycosylation and formation of matriglycan are the pathogenic mechanisms for the dystroglycanopathies, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies.

Alveolar cortical plate changes associated with incisor retraction and its influence on the limits of orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective: The extent to which the modelling behaviour of the anterior alveolus limits tooth movement remains unclear. Will the labial and lingual cortical plates model as incisors retract, or will they remain unchanged, therefore limiting the extent of possible tooth movement?

Setting And Sample Population: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 29 bimaxillary protrusive patients of South Korean descent were examined. Treatment consisted of two premolar extractions in one or both arches with en masse retraction of the incisors using miniscrew anchorage.

Bimaxillary transverse constriction in adults: Short-term follow-up of non-surgical arch expansion.

Objective: Concurrent maxillary and mandibular expansion is a treatment option for patients with maxillary and mandibular transverse constriction. These patients do not present with crossbite but require expansion due to narrow arches and associated crowding, dark buccal corridors and decreased anterior arch contour. The objective of the study is to first establish Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction as an under-recognized malocclusion and second to evaluate whether in adults the maxillary and mandibular arches can be successfully and safely expanded.

Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: What Should We Do?

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR), alternatively called progressive condylar resorption, is an uncommon aggressive form of degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint seen mostly in adolescent and young women. ICR occurring before the completion of growth results in a shorter mandibular condyloid process, ramus and body, compensatory growth at the gonial angle and coronoid process, as well as an increase in anterior facial vertical dimension. Management options discussed include oral appliances, orthodontics, medical management, orthognathic surgery with and without disc repositioning, and alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement.

Quantitative measures of gingival recession and the influence of gender, race, and attrition.

Background: Gingival recession in dentitions with otherwise healthy periodontium is a common occurrence in adults. Recession is clinically measured using a periodontal probe to the nearest millimeter. The aim of this study is to establish quantitative measures of recession, the clinical crown height, and a new measure the gingival margin-papillae measurement.

Nonextraction treatment of a Class II deepbite malocclusion with severe mandibular crowding: visualized treatment objectives for selecting treatment options.

A 14-year-old girl with Class II Division 2 malocclusion and a severe deepbite, retroclined incisors in both arches, and extreme crowding in the mandibular arch was treated by orthodontic residents, with supervision of the clinical faculty, at the University of Illinois at Chicago. A visualized treatment objective (VTO) was developed for the patient and used to select the best treatment alternative.

Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction.

A group of 48 ethnically diverse patients with bimaxillary protrusion was used to study the pretreatment cephalometric traits of this malocclusion and the effect of orthodontic correction. All patients were treated with four premolar extractions and retraction of the anterior teeth. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were evaluated using a series of 18 linear and angular measurements, and the effect of orthodontic correction was determined using paired t-tests.

Nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion in adults: report on 47 cases using the Haas expander.

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the adult is thought to be an unreliable procedure with several adverse side effects and, consequently, surgically assisted RME is considered the preferred procedure. The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of nonsurgical RME, and to determine the incidence of complications such as relapse of the expansion, pain and tissue swelling, tipping of the molars, opening rotation of the mandible and gingival recession. Rapid maxillary expansion using a Haas expander was examined in 47 adults and 47 children.

Nonsurgical rapid maxillary alveolar expansion in adults: a clinical evaluation.

Palatal expansion in adults has traditionally been performed on a very limited basis. The expansion has been thought to be limited in scope and stability and to be associated with unacceptable complications. Instead, surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SA-RME) has been advocated.

The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae.

Delineating the limits of orthodontic treatment in nongrowing individuals is important when making treatment decisions, especially in borderline orthodontic-surgical cases. The labial and lingual cortical plates at the level of the incisor apex may represent the anatomic limits of tooth movement. Cephalometric films of 107 adults were measured to determine the width of alveolar bone anterior and posterior to the incisor apex in each arch.

Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss in orthodontically treated adults.

This study assessed the frequency of root resorption and alveolar bone loss in 88 adults who had undergone orthodontic treatment. Pretreatment and posttreatment periapical radiographs were used to determine the amount of external apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Alveolar bone loss in the posterior quadrants was determined from bite-wing radiographs.

A critical evaluation of the use of filipin-permeabilized rat hepatocytes to study functions of the endoplasmic reticulum in situ.

We have used transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.

Growth of the nasopharynx and adenoid development from one to eighteeen years.

1. The dimensions of the nasopharynx, the adenoids and the nasopharyngeal airway were analyzed in twelve subjects selected from the longitudinal growth study of the Child Research Council of Denver. 2.