Time-mapping and future-oriented behavior in free-ranging wild fruit bats.

Episodic memory and mental time travel have been viewed as uniquely human traits. This view began to shift with the development of behavioral criteria to assess what is referred to as "episodic-like memory" in animals. Key findings have ranged from evidence of what-where-when memory in scrub-jays, rats, and bees; through decision-making that impacts future foraging in frugivorous primates; to evidence of planning based on future needs in scrub-jays and tool use planning in great apes.

New allele of mouse DNA/RNA helicase senataxin causes meiotic arrest and infertility.

In Brief: A new allele of the senataxin gene Setxspcar3 causes meiotic arrest of spermatocytes with aberrant DNA damage and accumulation of R-loops.

Abstract: An unbiased screen for discovering novel mouse genes for fertility identified the spcar3, spermatocyte arrest 3, mutant phenotype. The spcar3 mutation identified a new allele of the Setx gene, encoding senataxin, a DNA/RNA helicase that regulates transcription termination by resolving DNA/RNA hybrid R-loop structures.

The short-term and long-term adverse effects of melatonin treatment in children and adolescents: a systematic review and GRADE assessment.

Background: Currently, melatonin is used to treat children and adolescents with insomnia without knowing the full extent of the short-term and long-term consequences. Our aim was to provide clinicians and guideline panels with a systematic assessment of serious-and non-serious adverse events seen in continuation of melatonin treatment and the impact on pubertal development and bone health following long-term administration in children and adolescents with chronic insomnia.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and PsycINFO via Ovid, up to March 17, 2023, for studies on melatonin treatment among children and adolescents (aged 5-20 years) with chronic insomnia.

Use of melatonin for children and adolescents with chronic insomnia attributable to disorders beyond indication: a systematic review, meta-analysis and clinical recommendation.

Background: Melatonin has become a widely used sleeping aid for young individuals currently not included in existing guidelines. The aim was to develop a recommendation on the use of melatonin in children and adolescents aged 2-20 years, with chronic insomnia due to disorders beyond indication.

Methods: We performed a systematic search for guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomised trials (RCTs) in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Guidelines International Network, Trip Database, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, European Sleep Research Society and Scandinavian Health Authorities databases.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Maternal dietary factors have been suggested as possible contributing influences for congenital anomalies (CAs). We aimed to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation or vitamin D status (s-25OHD) during pregnancy and CAs in the offspring. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.

ViewShedR: a new open-source tool for cumulative, subtractive and elevated line-of-sight analysis.

Many environmental and ecological studies require line of sight (LOS) and/or viewshed analyses. While tools for performing these analyses from digital elevation models (DEMs) are widespread, they are either too restrictive, inaccessible or pricey and difficult to use. This methodological gap is potentially imperative for scholars using solutions like telemetry tracking systems or spatial ecology landscape mapping.

The Effects of Exercise during Pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Preeclampsia, and Spontaneous Abortion among Healthy Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim was to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, aerobic and resistance combined, or mind-body exercise) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, withdrawal from the study, and adverse events in healthy pregnant women. A systematic search was conducted in February 2022 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SPORT Discus to identify eligible randomized trials. The meta-analysis of 18 studies that examined exercise compared to no exercise showed a reduced risk of GDM (RR: 0.

Estimated Uncovered Costs For HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis In The US, 2018.

The cost of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication and care is a key barrier to PrEP use. Using population-based surveys and published information, we estimated the number of people with uncovered costs for PrEP care among US adults with PrEP indications, stratified by HIV transmission risk group, insurance status, and income. Accounting for existing PrEP payer mechanisms, we estimated annual uncovered costs for PrEP medication, clinical visits, and laboratory testing based on the 2021 PrEP clinical practice guideline.

Methods for jurisdictional vulnerability assessment of opioid-related outcomes.

In 2020, an estimated 2.7 million people in the US had opioid use disorder, increasing their risk of opioid-related morbidity and mortality. While jurisdictional vulnerability assessments (JVA) of opioid-related outcomes have been conducted previously in the US, there has been no unifying methodological framework.

Cost-effectiveness of expanded hepatitis A vaccination among adults with diagnosed HIV, United States.

Hepatitis A virus can cause severe and prolonged illness in persons with HIV (PWH). In July 2020, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded its recommendation for hepatitis A vaccination to include all PWH aged ≥1 year. We used a decision analytic model to estimate the value of vaccinating a cohort of adult PWH aged ≥20 years with diagnosed HIV in the United States using a limited societal perspective.

Reproductive genomics of the mouse: implications for human fertility and infertility.

Genetic analyses of mammalian gametogenesis and fertility have the potential to inform about two important and interrelated clinical areas: infertility and contraception. Here, we address the genetics and genomics underlying gamete formation, productivity and function in the context of reproductive success in mammalian systems, primarily mouse and human. Although much is known about the specific genes and proteins required for meiotic processes and sperm function, we know relatively little about other gametic determinants of overall fertility, such as regulation of gamete numbers, duration of gamete production, and gamete selection and function in fertilization.

R-Loop Formation in Meiosis: Roles in Meiotic Transcription-Associated DNA Damage.

Meiosis is specialized cell division during gametogenesis that produces genetically unique gametes via homologous recombination. Meiotic homologous recombination entails repairing programmed 200-300 DNA double-strand breaks generated during the early prophase. To avoid interference between meiotic gene transcription and homologous recombination, mammalian meiosis is thought to employ a strategy of exclusively transcribing meiotic or post-meiotic genes before their use.

Stress development during emergency remote teaching in higher education.

Higher education includes e-learning in addition to on-site learning. Still, the shift to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) as reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic in the summer semester 2020, presented a challenging situation for students. Cross-sectional studies pointed towards higher stress levels of students.

Opioid-Involved Overdose Vulnerability in Wyoming: Measuring Risk in a Rural Environment.

Background: Between 2009 and 2019 opioid-involved fatal overdose rates increased by 45% and the average opioid dispensing rate in Wyoming was higher than the national average. The opioid crisis is shaped by a complex set of socioeconomic, geopolitical, and health-related variables. We conducted a vulnerability assessment to identify Wyoming counties at higher risk of opioid-related harm, factors associated with this risk, and areas in need of overdose treatment access to inform priority responses.

The role of prenatal vitamin D on the development of childhood asthma and wheeze: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background & Objective: It has been suggested that prenatal vitamin D plays a role in the development of childhood asthma and wheeze. Several systematic reviews have been conducted, but the results are inconsistent, and the methodological quality has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this umbrella review was to assess the internal validity of the evidence base and the evidence for an association between prenatal vitamin D and asthma or wheezing in the offspring.

A structured, blended learning program towards proficiency in epileptology: the launch of the ILAE Academy Level 2 Program.

The ILAE Academy is the online learning platform of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and offers a structured educational program addressing the competency-based ILAE curriculum in epileptology. The platform was launched in July 2020 with a self-paced course portfolio of interactive e-learning modules addressing ILAE Level 1 learning objectives, defined as the entry level in epileptology. Using feedback questionnaires from completed Level 1 courses as well as sociodemographic and learning-related data obtained from 47 participants, we show that over 50% of learners have an entry level in epileptology and do not have access to on-site training and over 40%do not have access to on-site training.

Impact of the COVID pandemic on vascular access creation for haemodialysis in 16 Spanish haemodialysis centres.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic has resulted in a major disruption in healthcare that has affected several medical and surgical specialties. European and American Vascular Societies have proposed deferring the creation of an elective vascular access (VA) [autologous or prosthetic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG)] in incident patients on haemodialysis (HD) in the era of the COVID pandemic. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID pandemic on VA creation and the central venous catheter (CVC)-related hospitalizations and complications in HD patients dialyzed in 16 Spanish HD units of three different regions.

A systematic review of blood eosinophils and continued treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD.

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been debated for 20 years. In our systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we addressed the following: Should patients with COPD and a blood eosinophil count (EOS) of, respectively, a) < 150 cells/μl, b) 150-300 cells/μl, and c) > 300 cells/μl continue treatment with ICS? Protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020178110) and funded by the Danish Health Authority. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central on 22 July 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of ICS treatment in patients with COPD (≥40 years, no current asthma), which analyzed outcomes by EOS count and where >50% of patients used ICS prior.

The webcam and student engagement in synchronous online learning: visually or verbally?

Given that video conferencing serves as a crucial means for remote teaching, the current study investigated higher education students' (non)use of webcams and engagement in synchronous online courses. Three phases were studied: (1) A state of engagement; (2) antecedents that influence it; and (3) consequences of engagement. The cross-sectional online survey encompassed 3,610 students.