[Physiotherapy for juvenile idiopathic arthritis].

Control of disease activity and recovery of function are major issues in the treatment of children and adolescents suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Functional therapies including physiotherapy are important components in the multidisciplinary teamwork and each phase of the disease requires different strategies. While in the active phase of the disease pain alleviation is the main focus, the inactive phase requires strategies for improving motility and function.

Exploring new molecular architectures for anion recognition: synthesis and ATP binding properties of new cyclam-based ditopic polyammonium receptors.

Synthesis and characterization of three new polyamine receptors, composed of a cyclam unit (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) linked by a 2,6-dimethylpyridinyl spacer to the linear polyamines 1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane (L1py), 1,4,7-triazaheptane (L2py), and to a quaternary ammonium group (L3py(+)), are reported. All receptors form highly charged polyammonium cations at neutral pH, suitable for anion recognition studies. ATP recognition was analyzed by using potentiometric, calorimetric, (1)H and (31)P NMR measurements in aqueous solution.

Macrocycle-based spin-crossover materials.

New iron(II) complexes of formula [Fe(L1)](BF(4))(2) (1) and [Fe(L2)](BF(4))(2) x H(2)O (2) (L1 = 1,7-bis(2'-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; L2 = 1,8-bis(2'-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The crystal structure determinations of 1 and 2 reveal in both cases discrete iron(II) monomeric structures in which the two functionalized tetraazamacrocycles (L1 and L2) act as hexadentate ligands; the iron(II) ions are coordinated with six nitrogen atoms: four from the macrocycle and two from two pyridine groups occupying two cis positions around the metal ion. In 1, the N-Fe-N bond angles indicate that the Fe(II) ion adopts an unusual distorted trigonal prismatic geometry.

Electrochemically-driven conformational shift in mono- and di-copper constrained macrotricyclic cyclen receptors.

An electrochemical study of mono- and di-copper constrained cyclen macrotricycles is presented. Electrochemical data in DMF solution indicate that the reduction of dinuclear complexes occurs in two steps in the -0.4 to -0.

Cyclen-based bismacrocycles for biological anion recognition. A potentiometric and NMR study of AMP, ADP and ATP nucleotide complexation.

The behaviour of two cyclen-based bismacrocycles linked by aromatic spacers as receptors of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) anions is explored. The two bismacrocycles differ from one another by the nature of their spacers, which are respectively 1,3-dimethylbenzene (BMC), or 2,6-dimethylpyridine (BPyC). Potentiometric investigations supported by (1)H and (31)P NMR measurements were performed over a wide pH range to characterize and understand the driving forces implicated in the supramolecular assemblies.

Monopropionate analogues of DOTA4- and DTPA5-: kinetics of formation and dissociation of their lanthanide(III) complexes.

The replacement of an acetate function of the macrocyclic DOTA4-(DO3A-Nprop4-) or the acyclic DTPA5- in terminal position (DTTA-Nprop5-) has been recently shown to result in a significant increase of the water exchange rate on the Gd3+ complexes, which makes these chelates potential contrast agents for MRI applications. Here, two novel and straightforward synthetic routes to H4DO3A-Nprop are described. Protonation constants of DO3A-Nprop4- and stability constants with several alkaline earth and transition metal ions have been determined by potentiometry.

Complexation of the triphosphate anion: tuning the structure of cyclen based macrotricycles with 1,3-dimethylbenzene and 2,6-dimethylpyridine linkers. A potentiometric and NMR study.

The host-guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and three cyclen-based macrotricyclic ligands was investigated by potentiometric measurements and NMR spectroscopy. The ligands differ from one another by the nature of their spacers, which are 1,3-dimethylbenzene (TMC), 2,6-dimethylpyridine (TPyC) or a combination of the two (TMPyC). In aqueous solution, each ligand gave protonated species that further formed ternary complexes after binding with anions; these complexes were analyzed as a result of hydrogen bond formation and coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest.

Host-guest interaction between cyclen based macrotricyclic ligands and phosphate anions. A potentiometric investigation.

The host-guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and three cyclen based macrotricyclic ligands possessing ortho- (TOC), meta- (TMC) and para-xylenyl (TPC) linkers was investigated by potentiometric measurements. The ternary species present in solution and their stability constants have been determined. The different behaviours are explained in terms of hydrogen bond formation and coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest.

Unexpected aggregation of neutral, xylene-cored dinuclear GdIII chelates in aqueous solution.

We have synthesized ditopic ligands L(1), L(2), and L(3) that contain two DO3A(3-) metal-chelating units with a xylene core as a noncoordinating linker (DO3A(3-) = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetate; L(1) = 1,4-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzene; L(2) = 1,3-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzene; L(3) = 3,5-bis{[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl]methyl}benzoic acid). Aqueous solutions of the dinuclear Gd(III) complexes formed with the three ligands have been investigated in a variable-temperature, multiple-field (17)O NMR and (1)H relaxivity study. The (17)O longitudinal relaxation rates measured for the [Gd(2)L(1-3)(H2O)(2)] complexes show strong field dependence (2.

Cyclen based bis-macrocyclic ligands as phosphates receptors. A potentiometric and NMR study.

The host-guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and four cyclen based bis-macrocycles ligands possessing ortho-(BOC), meta-(BMC), para-xylenyl (BPC) or 2,6-pyridinyl (BPyC) linker was investigated by potentiometric measurements and NMR spectroscopy. Each ligand gave protonated species in aqueous solution that further formed ternary complexes after binding with anions; these complexes were analyzed as a result of hydrogen bond formation and Coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest. The equilibrium constants for all the detected species are reported and the selectivity, illustrated with species distribution diagrams, is discussed.

Comparisons of the interactions between two analytes and two structurally similar chiral stationary phases using high-performance liquid chromatography, suspended-state high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A study of the retention behaviour of the enantiomers (R)- and (S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol as well as (+) and t-)-O,O'-dibenzoyl-tartaric acid was performed using the two chiral stationary phases (CSPs) Kromasil-DMB and Kromasil-TBB. Detailed information about the interactions between the analytes and the two CSPs was obtained from suspended-state HR/MAS transferred NOESY NMR experiments as well as suspended-state HR/MAS 1H NMR titration experiments. Good correlation between the suspended-state HR/MAS NMR experiments and the corresponding HPLC experiments was obtained.

Accelerating water exchange for GdIII chelates by steric compression around the water binding site.

The water exchange process was accelerated for nine-coordinate, monohydrated macrocyclic GdIII complexes by inducing steric compression around the water binding site; the increased steric crowding was achieved by replacing an ethylene bridge of DOTA4- by a propylene bridge; in addition to the optimal water exchange rate, the stability of [Gd(TRITA)(H2O)]- is sufficiently high to ensure safe medical use which makes it a potential synthon for the development of high relaxivity, macromolecular MRI contrast agents.

Study on the chiral recognition of the enantiomers of ephedrine derivatives with neutral and sulfated heptakis(2,3-O-diacetyl)-beta-cyclodextrins using capillary electrophoresis, UV, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

The enantiomers of methylephedrine, pseudoephedrine and ephedrine showed a different migration behavior in capillary electrophoresis in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), heptakis(2,3-O-diacetyl)-beta-cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,3-O-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDAS). Utilizing UV, MS and NMR spectroscopy, in particular rotating frame Overhauser experiments, an attempt was made to elucidate the chiral recognition mechanism. In the case of the neutral CDs 1:1 complexes were formed with ephedrine and methylephedrine characterized by the inclusion of the phenyl ring in the cavity and the side chain pointing out of the wider rim.

Characterization of polyalkylvinyl ether phases by solid-state and suspended-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigations.

Pure organic polyalkvlvinyl ether phases were synthesized by suspension polymerization using different ratios and compositions of n-butylvinyl ether (C4VE) and n-octadecylvinyl ether (C18VE) with triethylene glycol divinyl ether or divinylbenzene as crosslinkers, respectively. These phases were investigated by means of solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) NMR spectroscopy in suspended-state. A comparison of these two methods showed the substantial advantages of 1H HR MAS NMR measurements.

New stationary phase for liquid chromatography with chemically bonded pinane ligand: synthesis and characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatographic investigations.

A new bicyclic phase for liquid chromatography was prepared by solution polymerization approaches. To introduce a C4 spacer the starting molecule 3-formylpinane was reduced to the alcohol followed by a substitution of the hydroxy group through a bromide. The obtained halide reacted with magnesium and allyl bromide to the 3-(but-3'-enyl)pinane which was hydrosilylated with trichlorosilane and finally immobilized to silica gels with different pore sizes using the technique of solution polymerization.

Stationary interphases with extended alkyl chains: a comparative study on chain order by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Stationary interphases with long n-alkyl chains (n = 18, 22, 30, 34) have been examined by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The determination of the silane functionality and the degree of cross-linking of silane ligands on the silica surface was performed by 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. High-speed 1H MAS and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy were utilized to assess alkyl chain order and mobility of the different bonded phases.

Direct On-Line Coupling of Capillary HPLC with (1)H NMR Spectroscopy for the Structural Determination of Retinyl Acetate Dimers: 2D NMR Spectroscopy in the Nanoliter Scale.

This paper presents the application of directly coupled capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (capillary HPLC) and proton high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for structural elucidation of a so-far unknown kitol isomer. One- and two-dimensional continuous- and stopped-flow NMR spectra were recorded in a 180 μm i.d.

[Sonography of the maxillary sinus in children].

Ultrasonic diagnosis (A- and B-mode) is a non-invasive alternative without radiation exposure to the radiographic examination of the maxillary sinuses of children. Given the adequate prerequisites (high resolution device, trained examiner) diagnostic mistakes can be reduced to a minimum. Thus sonography becomes the first and frequently the only necessary diagnostic imaging procedure for diagnosing the puerile maxillary sinus.

[Ultrasonic evaluation of the upper abdomen in cystic fibrosis].

Abdominal sonography should compulsory be used in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is not difficult to detect early morphologic changes at liver, gall-bladder, pancreas, spleen, and vessels by ultrasound. As a non-invasive method sonography is a very useful tool for a comprehensive special care of outpatients with CF.

[Kidney sonography in childhood in chronic recurring pyelonephritis without a urinary transport disorder].

201 children with healthy kidneys and 61 patients of the paediatric nephrological dispensary with chronically relapsing pyelonephritis without disturbance of the transport of urine were examined sonographically. With the help of an atrophy score was controlled, whether the summation of unspecific parameters is in connection with the length of the kidney. A correlation of the introduced point system with the size of the kidney could be proved.

[Renal sonography in childhood. Normal findings].

In a prospective study 201 children with healthy kidneys were sonographically examined. Apart from the length unspecific parameters in the ultrasound tomogram, such as possibility to delimit the organ, echogenity and differentiation of the fine structure of the kidneys are demonstrated depending on age. The proportion of smoothly delimited kidneys before the 1st year of age was significantly lower than in the following years.