Integration failure of regenerated limb tissue is associated with incongruencies in positional information in the Mexican axolotl.

Little is known about how the newly regenerated limb tissues in the Mexican axolotl seamlessly integrate with the remaining stump tissues to form a functional structure, and why this doesn't occur in some regenerative scenarios. In this study, we evaluate the phenomenological and transcriptional characteristics associated with integration failure in ectopic limb structures generated by treating anterior-located ectopic blastemas with Retinoic Acid (RA) and focusing on the "bulbus mass" tissue that forms between the ectopic limb and the host site. We additionally test the hypothesis that the posterior portion of the limb base contains anterior positional identities.

Turkish adaptation of the Ideal Grandparent Scale.

Purpose: This study tests the validity and reliability of the Ideal Grandparent Scale (IGS; Mansson, 2015) on university students.

Design And Methods: The Turkish version of the IGS was administered to 247 students at a university in Turkey to determine its validity and reliability. The students' mean age was 21.

Trimethylation of Histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) ChIP-PCR and transcriptional expression data of Ef1-alpha, cyp26A, HoxC10, HoxD10 and HoxD11 in the Xenopus XTC cell line.

Trimethylation of Histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is a chromatin modification that is associated with transcriptional repression (Cao et al., 2002; Sarma et al., 2008; Pengelly et al.