Age Estimation Based on Computed Tomography Analysis of the Scapula.

: Age estimation from skeletal remains and in living individuals is an important issue for human identification, and also plays a critical role in judicial proceedings for migrants. Forensic analysis of ossification centers is the main evaluation method for age estimation, and ossification degree can be determined using computed tomography analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of CT (computed tomography) in the analysis of left scapula ossification centers, for forensic age estimation in Turkish society.

Infantile Hemangiomas of the Head and Neck: A Single-Center Experience.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors of infancy. We report our experiences with 248 patients with head and neck IHs. The median admission age was 4 months, and the female/male ratio was 2.

Evaluation of Missed Radiological Diagnosis in Multiple Trauma Patients With Full-Body Computed Tomography in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: This observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted at the Dokuz Eylül University Emergency Department in İzmir, Turkey, after obtaining ethical consent (Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee, approval no. 2019/15-37). In this study, we aimed to determine missed radiological diagnoses and their effects on mortality and morbidity by comparing the ED diagnoses of patients and radiology reports of these patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with multiple traumas and scanned full-body computed tomography (CT).

Atypical Presentation and Course of ACTH-independent Cushing's Syndrome in Two Families.

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare genetic disease mainly associated with Carney complex (CNC), which is caused by germline mutations of the regulatory subunit type 1A (RIα) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKAR1A) gene. We report three cases suffering from CNC with unique features in diagnosis and follow-up. All cases had obesity and a cushingoid appearance and exhibited laboratory characteristics of hypercortisolism.

Pediatric paravertebral tumors: analysis of 96 patients.

Purpose: The most important complication of paravertebral tumors is cord compression (CC), which is an oncologic emergency. Early and appropriate intervention is important in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality. Here, we report our clinical experience with paravertebral tumors.

Dinutuximab beta plus conventional chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: A single-center experience.

Background: Relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma has a dismal prognosis. Anti-GD2-mediated chemo-immunotherapy has a notable anti-tumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of the combination of immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta (DB) and chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma.

Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-Maroteaux type due to dominant TRPV4 mutation: expanding the phenotype with a case report.

Introduction: Dominant pathogenic mutations in the TRPV4 gene give rise to a wide spectrum of abnormal phenotypes, including bone dysplasia as well as spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) are autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasias characterized by mild epiphyseal dysplasia, flared metaphyses, prominent joints, spondyler dysplasia, and brachydactyly with various carpal, metacarpal, and finger malformations.

Case Presentation: We present a boy who has the clinical and radiological signs of SEMD-M with a dominant TRPV4 mutation.

Functional divergence of the two Elongator subcomplexes during neurodevelopment.

The highly conserved Elongator complex is a translational regulator that plays a critical role in neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and brain tumors. Numerous clinically relevant variants have been reported in the catalytic Elp123 subcomplex, while no missense mutations in the accessory subcomplex Elp456 have been described. Here, we identify ELP4 and ELP6 variants in patients with developmental delay, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and motor dysfunction.

The role of MRI-based texture analysis to predict the severity of brain injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the MRI-based texture analysis (TA) of the basal ganglia and thalami to distinguish moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from mild HIE in neonates.

Methods: This study included 68 neonates (15 with mild, 20 with moderate-to-severe HIE, and 33 control) were born at 37 gestational weeks or later and underwent MRI in first 10 days after birth. The basal ganglia and thalami were delineated for TA on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, -, and weighted images.

Lung density analysis using quantitative computed tomography in children with pectus excavatum.

Purpose: To evaluate the mean lung density in children with pectus excavatum (PE) and to assess the correlation between the cardiac rotation angle, Haller index, pulmonary function test, and lung density.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 33 children with PE and 31 healthy controls. The densities of lung parenchyma were evaluated by quantitative computed tomography (CT).

Diagnosis of central nervous system abnormalities: comparison of prenatal neurosonography and foetal magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) is gradually becoming the more preferred imaging modality in the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities rather than foetal ultrasonography (USG). The aim of this study was to compare the findings of prenatal neurosonography and foetal MRI. The study was a retrospective study analysing the records of 160 pregnant women who underwent both foetal MRI and USG due to suspicion of CNS abnormalities between 2008 and 2019.

Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic enema reduction of intussusception and confirmation with single abdominal radiograph in children.

Purpose: To detect false-positive reduction results after ultrasound (US)-guided hydrostatic intussusception reduction, we have incorporated water-soluble contrast material to the enema fluid and confirmed the reduction with a single abdominal radiograph. We present the results of the combined imaging method for the reduction of intussusception in children.

Materials And Methods: The records of the patients who were treated for intussusception were analyzed retrospectively.

The Diagnostic Efficacy of MRI in the Evaluation of the Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct in Children with Hearing Loss.

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) in the detection of enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) in childhood.

Methods: One hundred twenty-three children who underwent temporal bone CT and MRI examinations for hearing loss between 2013 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. All CT and MRI images were examined by two pediatric radiologists, according to the Valvassori and Cincinnati criteria for EVA.

Altered regional grey matter volume and appetite-related hormone levels in adolescent obesity with or without binge-eating disorder.

Purpose: Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent and persistent overeating episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. The aim was to evaluate regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and appetite-regulating hormone levels (NPY and Leptin) in obese subjects either with or without BED compared to healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Twenty-six obese patients with BED, 25 obese patients without BED and 27 healthy subjects as an age-matched control group with neuroimaging and appetite-regulating hormone levels were found eligible for regional GMV abnormalities.

The relationship of carotid intima-media thickness with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Background/aim: We aimed to determine the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and biochemical parameters in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency on regular glucocorticoid treatment for ≥3 years and 31 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of control of the clinic, laboratory, and radiological parameters as a) “uncontrolled” [n= 22; with increased height velocity (HV) standard deviation score (SDS) (≥2 SDS), advanced bone age, serum 17-OH progesterone <2.

Evaluation of the Ossification Stage of Proximal Humeral Epiphysis by 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Determination of Skeletal Age.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the skeletal age can be evaluated assessed by means of analysis of ossification stage at proximal humeral epiphysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the radiology department of a tertiary healthcare center and 1.5-T MRI views of the shoulder obtained from 203 patients aged 8 to 29 years were evaluated.

Neuroimaging and calvarial findings in achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia is the most common hereditary form of dwarfism and is characterized by short stature, macrocephaly and various skeletal abnormalities. The phenotypic changes are mainly related to the inhibition of endochondral bone growth. Besides the several commonly known physical features that are characteristic of this syndrome, achondroplasia can affect the central nervous system.

Investigation of structure-function correlation among the young offspring of patients with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with impaired executive functioning and integrity of fronto-limbic white matter tracts. The evaluation of these factors in young offspring of patients with BD (BDoff) as a high-risk group offers an opportunity to investigate factors that could predict vulnerability to the disorder. This study aims to examine the correlation between neurocognition and neuroimaging findings to evaluate the potential for these findings as biomarkers for the early recognition of BD.

MRI-based texture analysis for differentiating pediatric craniofacial rhabdomyosarcoma from infantile hemangioma.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI texture analysis (TA) for differentiation of pediatric craniofacial rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) from infantile hemangioma (IH).

Methods: This study included 15 patients with RMS and 42 patients with IH who underwent MRI before an invasive procedure. All patients had a solitary lesion.

Rotavirus encephalopathy with concomitant acute cerebellitis: report of a case and review of the literature.

Rotavirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. It is known that neurological manifestations like seizures, encephalopathy and encephalitis can rarely be seen due to rotavirus infections. Cerebellar involvement is extremely rare.

Variations of the vascular canals in the cochlear implant candidates.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of vascular canal variations in the pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images of the CI candidates between November 2013 and November 2018. The presence of high riding jugular bulb, dehiscent jugular bulb, jugular bulb diverticulum, bulging of sigmoid sinus, mastoid emissary vein (MEV), carotid canal dehiscence, and aberrant internal carotid canal were evaluated.

Radiological staging in neuroblastoma: computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging?

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of neuroblastomas according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS).

Material And Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study we identified a total of 20 patients under the age of 18 years, who were admitted to our hospital with neuroblastoma between January 2005 and May 2018, and who had both CT and MRI examination. The INRGSS stages of tumours were evaluated by CT scan and MRI.

Giant Congenital Sialolipoma of Parotid Gland with Parapharyngeal Extension.

Introduction: Sialolipoma is an extremely rare salivary gland tumor characterized by a well circumscribed mass composed of glandular tissue and mature adipose elements. Herein our aim was to present the fifth case of congenital sialolipoma, which was firstly followed up as a parotid gland hemangioma, and underline the fact that sialolipomas should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of congenital parotid gland masses.

Case Report: A 10-month old male presented with a left-sided huge neck mass which progressed after birth.