Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia risk may be influenced by the immune function and associated with several white blood cell type counts. In cognitively normal Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white older adults we related three white blood cell types previously associated with AD risk to tau positron emission tomography (PET) values in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), where tau accumulates early. We assessed whether amyloid positivity moderated this relationship.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) tau tracer PI-2620 frequently shows off-target meningeal binding (Figure 1). Of standard regions of interest, only lateral parietal (LP) is contaminated by this. We compare the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the LP before and after eroding the LP mask to remove meningeal contamination.

PGMweb: an online tool for visualizing the X-ray beam path through plane grating monochromators.

We present here a newly developed software tool (called PGMweb) for computing and simulating the X-ray beam path through a plane grating monochromator (PGM), a key component in soft X-ray beamlines at modern synchrotron and free-electron laser facilities. A historical overview of the development of PGMs is presented, with special attention dedicated to the collimated PGM optical scheme found at several X-ray facilities worldwide. The analytical expressions that fully describe the geometry of a PGM are derived and have been implemented as functions in a Python library (pyplanemono).

Teamwork in Clinical Medicine.

Clinical teams are at the heart of healthcare value. Teamwork requires an appreciation of the unique geniuses of each team member as well as an understanding of team dynamics and larger organizational challenges. Effective teams leverage each member's unique talents within a culture of shared humility, service, and dedication.

Sexual Violence against Adults Aged 50 Years and Older and Implications for Prevention: A Thematic Analysis of Service Providers' Perceptions.

At-risk older adults and older survivors of sexual violence (SV) remain largely absent from SV prevention and intervention, owing to ageism and sexism, as well as other intersectional forms of prejudice, including among service providers (e.g., social workers, healthcare professionals, practitioners in SV organizations, and practitioners who serve older adults).

Instrumental activities of daily living in neuro-oncology: International validation of the EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire.

Background: Neurocognitive impairments are common in patients with a brain tumour, and may negatively impact on functioning in daily life, particularly on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire was developed to measure IADL in this patient population.

Methods: In this international validation study, we evaluated the EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire on several psychometric properties in a large sample of patients with a primary or metastatic brain tumour.

Performing polysomnography in pre-school aged children: challenging parts of the procedure and risk factors for lead intolerance.

Purpose: Pediatric sleep apnea begins in toddlerhood when sleep is vital for neurocognitive development and rapid somatic growth. As polysomnography (PSG) can be challenging in this age group, this study described the first PSG for children aged 2 to 6 years old in regards to completion and risk-factors for intolerance.

Methods: Single center chart review in a pediatric-only hospital-based sleep center.

A Scoping Review of Bystander-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Training for College Students in Fraternities and Sororities.

Bystander-based sexual violence (SV) prevention trainings are offered on college campuses across the United States to meet federal Title IX requirements, as they have proven to be an effective strategy for violence prevention. Greek-affiliated students (fraternity and sorority members) are at a higher risk of sexual assault than their peers; however, few trainings consider the specific needs of this population, and program adaptations for this high-risk group may be needed. This scoping review identifies and describes the bystander trainings delivered to Greek-affiliated students in the US and Canada.

Patient Acceptability and Preferences for Solid Oral Dosage Form Drug Product Attributes: A Scoping Review.

Background: There is no consistent framework for patient-centric drug product design, despite the common understanding that drug product acceptability and preferences influence adherence and, therefore, drug product effectiveness. The aim of this review was to assess current understanding of patient acceptability and preferences for solid oral dosage form (SODF) drug product attributes, and the potential impact of these attributes on patient behaviors and outcomes.

Patients And Methods: A scoping review was conducted.

Sub-nanometre quality X-ray mirrors created using ion beam figuring.

Ion beam figuring (IBF) is a powerful technique for figure correction of X-ray mirrors to a high accuracy. Here, recent technical advancements in the IBF instrument developed at Diamond Light Source are presented and experimental results for figuring of X-ray mirrors are given. The IBF system is equipped with a stable DC gridded ion source (120 mm diameter), a four-axis motion stage to manipulate the optic, a Faraday cup to monitor the ion-beam current, and a camera for alignment.

How Did Colleges Disburse Emergency Aid During COVID-19? An Implementation Analysis of the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund.

To address the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress authorized the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF I) in March 2020 with over $6 billion allocated for emergency financial aid. In this paper, we utilize the administrative burden framework to analyze HEERF I implementation for a stratified random sample of colleges, focusing on the implications for equity. We find that disbursement policies varied along two dimensions: (1) whether they imposed burdens on students by requiring applications and proof of hardship and (2) whether they targeted needy students and varied the amount of aid according to need.

VerSoX B07-B: a high-throughput XPS and ambient pressure NEXAFS beamline at Diamond Light Source.

The beamline optics and endstations at branch B of the Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) beamline B07 at Diamond Light Source are described. B07-B provides medium-flux X-rays in the range 45-2200 eV from a bending magnet source, giving access to local electronic structure for atoms of all elements from Li to Y. It has an endstation for high-throughput X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) measurements under ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions.

Zentangle® Pilot Study: A Mindfulness Exercise for Oncology Nurses.

Background: This study introduced Zentangle®, which involves drawing simple, repetitive lines and shapes to create patterns, as a tool to promote wellness for oncology nurses in a clinical practice setting.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Zentangle used as a meditative activity in an acute time frame decreased stress, fatigue, and burnout while increasing professional quality of life and well-being in oncology nurses.

Methods: Twenty-six oncology nurses participated in a two-hour Zentangle class and received materials to complete art over four weeks.

Beyond Confirmed Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Approaching Patients With Dysautonomia and Related Conditions.

Allergist-immunologists face significant challenges as experts in an ever-evolving field of neuroimmunology. Among these challenges is the increasingly frequent need to counsel patients with suspected mast cell activation disorders about perceived comorbidities, which may include hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, amplified pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, burning sensation syndromes, migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Patients may experience comorbid anxiety, panic disorder, and depression associated with disturbed sleep, fatigue, and cognitive impairment that often worsen when their physical symptoms increase in severity.

Sexual Violence in Later Life: A Widespread and Growing Yet Hidden Public Health Issue.

Sexual violence in later life and related trauma have been identified as a growing yet preventable public health crises, which disproportionately impact women. Research is limited and is continuing to emerge in this area, along with implications for addressing healthcare disparities, primarily among older women. In this paper, the prevalence of sexual violence in later life will be explored, along with survivor characteristics as they relate to structural inequality and health disparities.

The Impact of Excessive Weight on Breastfeeding Intention, Initiation, and Duration.

Breastfeeding is widely recognized as the optimal feeding method for infants. However, breastfeeding goals are often unmet, especially in mothers with excessive weight. Potential factors associated with unmet goals could be disparities in care for women with higher body mass index (BMI) or mental health symptomology.

Predicting firm creation in rural Texas: A multi-model machine learning approach to a complex policy problem.

Rural and urban America have becoming increasingly divided, both politically and economically. Entrepreneurship can help rural communities catch back up by jumpstarting economic growth, creating jobs, and building resilience to economic shocks. However, less is known about firm creation in rural areas compared to urban areas.

Ageism, Racism, Sexism, and Work With Older Healthcare Clients: Why an Intersectional Approach Is Needed in Practice, Policy, Education, and Research.

Women are subject to health disparities across the life course, owing to multiple factors, including sexism, ageism, and other forms of structural discrimination and mistreatment which have been linked with greater risks for sexual violence and related trauma as well as resulting problems with physical and mental health as well as overall wellbeing. Thus, a more intersectional approach to healthcare and social service delivery for older women is expressly needed, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, to address UN Global goals of advancing health and wellness, gender equality, less disparities altogether, and with this, greater justice. As such, in this article, timely needs for practice, policy, research, and education will be explored, to address intersectional prejudice and discrimination, chiefly among older women who are members of nondominant populations, to improve healthcare and social services and social justice, principally in later life.

Education and Experiences of Antenatal Breast Milk Expression: A Systematic Review.

Breastfeeding rates have stagnated recently despite recommendations to breastfeed until age 2 years. Antenatal breast milk expression (ABME) is a method used to prepare the breast for breastfeeding. However, there is limited evidence available on the benefits, risks, and impact of ABME on maternal-infant breastfeeding dyads.

Pressure injury screening in the emergency department: A concept analysis.

Aim: This concept analysis analyzes pressure injury screening in the emergency department setting using Walker and Avant's approach.

Background: Pressure injury treatment cost in the United States totals over 11 billion dollars annually. Although a pressure injury could develop in the few hours a patient is in the emergency department, there is little guidance on how an emergency department should screen, prevent, and treat patients.

Feasibility and Impact of Physical Activity on Compassion Fatigue and Burnout Among Ambulatory Care Oncology Nurses.

Background: Compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout are well described phenomena among oncology nurses. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce CF and burnout.

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of promoting PA and assessing its impact on CF and burnout among RNs across three ambulatory care cancer clinics.

Graduating nursing students' preparedness and comfort level in caring for LGBTQ+ patients.

Background: Nursing students must be prepared to care for diverse patient populations, including sexual and gender minorities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a national survey of graduating prelicensure nursing students to assess their perceived preparedness for and comfort level with providing care for LGBTQ+ patients.

Methods: A multisite descriptive correlational design was utilized in conjunction with a modified version of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Medical Education Assessment tool to survey graduating prelicensure nursing students' perceived levels of preparedness and comfort regarding their provision of care to LGBTQ+ individuals.

Bigiswun Kid Project: a longitudinal study of adolescents living with high rates of prenatal alcohol exposure, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and early life trauma in remote Australian Aboriginal communities.

Introduction: The Lililwan Project was the first Australian population-based prevalence study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) using active case ascertainment. Conducted in 2010-2011, the study included 95% of all eligible children aged 7-9 years living in the very remote Aboriginal communities of the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia. Women from Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre, a local Aboriginal-led organisation, are concerned that some participants from the study are struggling in adolescence so partnered with researchers from the University of Sydney to follow up the Lililwan cohort in 2020-2022 at age 17-19 years.