Interobserver Reproducibility of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging Technology in Liver Fat Quantification.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the interobserver variability in the quantitative assessment of liver fat content using ultrasound attenuation imaging technology (USAT).

Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 96 adult patients who were either diagnosed with or suspected of having metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Independent observers, blinded to each other's assessments, evaluated hepatic steatosis visually and through USAT measurements.

Expansion of the Subcutaneous Compartment by Umbilicus Resection for Intrathecal Pump Placement: The "Karagoz-Hacivat Technique".

Background And Objectives: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) for severe spasticity can encounter complications such as wound dehiscence and ulcers because of elevated intracompartmental pressure within the abdominal subcutaneous and subfascial pocket housing the pump. We propose an innovative technique to manage ITB wound ulcers.

Methods: Resecting the umbilicus create a more spacious and less tension-prone pocket for the ITB pump.

Role of the MyD88 Dependent Pathway in Degenerative Disc Disease.

Aim: To define the substantial role of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the MyD88-dependent pathway, and to evaluate the results of TLR4 activation in nucleus pulposus cells. Moreover, we aim to associate this pathway with intervertebral disc degeneration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Additionally, the clinical differences among patients and the effects of their drug use will be evaluated.

Can TRIF/TICAM-1 Dependent Pathway be Target Pathway in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration?

Aim: To elucidate the role of the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-? (TRIF) dependent pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD).

Material And Methods: A total of adult male patients with low back pain (LBP) (+/- radicular pain) were further evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with surgical indication for microscopic lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Preoperatively, patients were classified according to Modic Changes (MC), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, and the presence of radicular pain in addition to the LBP.

Posterior-only approach in patients with poor general condition and spinal metastatic vertebral fracture.

Purpose: The surgical treatment of spinal metastases is mostly palliative in nature and focuses on improving the quality of life of patients. The posterior transpedicular surgical approach provides circumferential 360° decompression, allows reconstruction and stabilisation to be achieved in a single session and can be performed using an open, mini-open or minimally invasive approach. We present and discuss the surgical techniques and outcomes for patients with single-level metastatic spinal disease and in poor general condition who underwent surgery via the posterior-only transpedicular corpectomy approach and reconstruction with expandable corpectomy cages.

Case report: Spinal drop metastasis of IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma.

Background: Symptomatic spinal metastases of oligodendroglioma are rare. Moreover, none of the previously published cases demonstrated the typical IDH mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion for this glial tumor. This case presents an IDH mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma with multiple spinal drop metastases.

The relationship between the ratio of interpedicular distance increase and the ratio of spinal canal compromise in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the interpedicular distance increase ratio and the ratio of canal compromise in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Methods: Thirty-one patients (18 male and 13 female) with an average age of 30.8 (14-57) who had been treated for thoraco-lumbar burst fractures in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology were included in the study.

Posttraumatic locked-in syndrome from combined brainstem and upper cervical injury in childhood: A case report.

Locked in syndrome (LIS) is a condition characterized by quadriplegia, lower cranial nerve palsies and mutism in which only vertical eye movements and upper eyelid movements are preserved while the patient's state of consciousness is intact. The most common cause of LIS is pontine infarction after vertebrobasilar system occlusion. We hereby present a case report of LIS secondary to cervicomedullary contusion after head trauma.

Comparison of two surgical techniques in Chiari Malformation Type 1 Patients: Duraplasty alone vs duraplasty with arachnoid dissection.

Object: Optimal surgical technique to restore the cerebrospinal fluid flow through the foramen magnum remains to be debated in Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) patients.

Method: This study included 46 patients with CM-1 who underwent surgical treatment by one of two methods: posterior fossa bone decompression (BD) with arachnoid preserving duraplasty (Group 1) and BD with duraplasty and arachnoid dissection (Group 2). Complaints of the patient population and neurological findings were assessed with Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Europe Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) in pre- and postoperative periods.

Risk of stroke in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: A multinational study.

Background: There is an increased attention to stroke following SARS-CoV-2. The goal of this study was to better depict the short-term risk of stroke and its associated factors among SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.

Methods: This multicentre, multinational observational study includes hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from North and South America (United States, Canada, and Brazil), Europe (Greece, Italy, Finland, and Turkey), Asia (Lebanon, Iran, and India), and Oceania (New Zealand).

Comparative Analysis of NF-κB in the MyD88-Mediated Pathway After Implantation of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel and the Role of Regulatory T Cells.

Objective: Development of immunologically smart implants, integrated to biological systems, is a key aim to minimize the inflammatory response of the host to biomaterial implants.

Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of titanium alloy and stainless steel implants on immunological responses in rats by comparative analysis of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) profiles in the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the role of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+.

Results: Both Ti alloy and stainless steel alloy group implantation affect Toll-like receptors-4 pathways and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in different ways.

Surgical management of spinal intramedullary tumors: Ten-year experience in a single institution.

Despite their rare occurrence, intramedullary spinal cord tumors can cause considerable morbidity and mortality without treatment. Timing of surgery, extent of resection and selection of favorable treatment option are important considerations for a good surgical outcome. In this clinical study, we report our patient series and convey our treatment strategy.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Surgery of Cauda Equina and Conus Medullaris Tumors.

Aim: To demonstrate the value of special intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques for cauda equina and conus medullaris tumors (CECMT) by describing standard methods used at our center.

Material And Methods: Neurophysiological records were retrospectively reviewed for 16 patients (eight females and eight males; age range: 27â€"60 years) who underwent surgery for CECMT at our department between 2016 and 2018.

Results: Motor and/or sensorial deficits were preoperatively identified in 10 patients; no patients had bladder or sexual dysfunction.

Spinal Vascular Malformations: Treatment and Outcome.

Background: Vascular malformations of the spinal cord are a rare and complex clinical entity and can lead to severe morbidity with progressive spinal cord symptoms if not treated properly. In early stages, the disease is characterized by slowly progressive, nonspecific symptoms, such as gait disturbance, paresthesia, diffuse sensory symptoms, and radicular pain; in the late stages, bowel and bladder incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and urinary retention may develop. In recent decades, understanding and treatment of spinal vascular malformations have improved with the evolution of diagnostic tools and treatment modalities; however, it is still difficult to manage these cases because of the complexity of the pathology.

Posturographic examination of body balance in patients with Chiari type I malformation and correlation with the presence of syringomyelia and degree of cerebellar ectopia.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate balance using the Tetrax Interactive Balance System (TIBS) in patients with Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) and to assess their fall risk with other clinical parameters.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted at physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinics and neurosurgery department of a university hospital between December 2013 and December 2014. The study included a total of 36 patients (31 females, 5 males; mean age 40.

Acute tetraplegia following laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery.

Background: Paraplegia following thoracic spinal surgery or abdominal operations is usually attributed to spinal cord ischemia due to interruption of the segmental spinal vascular supply. Alternatively, the etiology of spinal cord ischemia following cervical surgery is less clear.

Case Description: A 14-year-old male became acutely tetraplegic with a C4 sensory level and sphincteric dysfunction 12 h following surgery for tracheal stenosis due to prior intubation.

Combined Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation and Spinal Dysraphism.

Background: Spinal vascular malformations as a group are rare, and coexistence of a spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in or around the spinal dysraphism is extremely rare. We report 2 cases of combined spinal dysraphism and vascular malformations of the spinal cord.

Case Description: The first case was an AVM located in a filum terminale lipoma fed by the artery of the filum terminale.

Which is better Stainless Steel or Titanium alloy?

Aim: To investigate immunologic reactions after implantation of stainless steel (SS) alloy and titanium (Ti) alloy in a rat model. Macrophage and cytokine responses have been reported after the in vivo and in vitro application of different biomaterials.

Material And Methods: Wistar albino rats after an exploration of the thoracolumbar paravertebral muscle tissue of the subjects, group I underwent a sham surgery, and groups II and III were implanted Ti alloy and SS alloy rods respectively.

Reduction of the Areolar Diameter After Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction for Gynecomastia.

Background: One of the clinical aspects characterizing gynecomastia is the enlargement of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) due to hypertrophic breast glands, and the excessive fatty tissue underneath.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction of the areolar diameter after ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) of the male breast.

Methods: The horizontal diameters of the NACs of 30 men who underwent UAL were measured before surgery, 1 month after surgery and 6 months after surgery in a standard fashion.