Multi-instance learning based lung nodule system for assessment of CT quality after small-field-of-view reconstruction.

Small-field-of-view reconstruction CT images (sFOV-CT) increase the pixel density across airway structures and reduce partial volume effects. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is proposed as a weakly supervised machine learning method, which can automatically assess the image quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disparities between conventional CT (c-CT) and sFOV-CT images using a lung nodule system based on MIL and assessments from radiologists.

Heart-on-a-chip systems with tissue-specific functionalities for physiological, pathological, and pharmacological studies.

Recent advances in heart-on-a-chip systems hold great promise to facilitate cardiac physiological, pathological, and pharmacological studies. This review focuses on the development of heart-on-a-chip systems with tissue-specific functionalities. For one thing, the strategies for developing cardiac microtissues on heart-on-a-chip systems that closely mimic the structures and behaviors of the native heart are analyzed, including the imitation of cardiac structural and functional characteristics.

Empirical Compression Model of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Considering the Effect of Cement Hydration on Particle Packing Characteristics.

The mix design of UHPC has always been based on a large number of experiments; in order to reduce the number of repeated experiments, in this study, silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and limestone powder (LP) were used as the raw materials to conduct 15 groups of experiments to determine the particle size distribution (PSD) properties of UHPC. A model of multi-component hydration based on the SF, FA, and LP pozzolanic reactions was devised to quantify the rate and total heat release during the hydration process. Additionally, a microscopic pore development model, which was based on the accumulation of hydration products, was established to measure the effect of these products on the particle-packing properties.

A novel computed tomography radiomic nomogram for early evaluation of small airway dysfunction development.

The common respiratory abnormality, small airway dysfunction (fSAD), is easily neglected. Its prognostic factors, prevalence, and risk factors are unclear. This study aimed to explore the early detection of fSAD using radiomic analysis of computed tomography (CT) images to predict fSAD progress.

Pulmonary MALT lymphoma: Imaging findings in 18 cases and the associated pathological correlations.

Background: Pulmonary MALT lymphoma is a rare disease that is easily misdiagnosed. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of pulmonary MALT lymphoma for clinicians.

Methods: The computed tomography (CT) scans of 18 patients (13 males and 5 females), aged 41-70 years (mean=55.

Predicting the WHO/ISUP Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Through CT-Based Tumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics.

Objectives: This study aims to establish predictive logistic models for the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grades of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on tumoral and peritumoral radiomics.

Methods: A cohort of 370 patients with pathologically confirmed ccRCCs were included in this retrospective study between January 2014 and December 2020 according to the WHO/ISUP grading system. The volume of interests of triphasic computed tomography images were depicted manually using the "itk-SNAP" software, and the radiomics features were calculated.

Development and validation of a preoperative CT-based radiomic nomogram to predict pathology invasiveness in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule: a machine learning approach, multicenter, diagnostic study.

Objectives: To develop and validate a preoperative CT-based nomogram combined with radiomic and clinical-radiological signatures to distinguish preinvasive lesions from pulmonary invasive lesions.

Methods: This was a retrospective, diagnostic study conducted from August 1, 2018, to May 1, 2020, at three centers. Patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule were enrolled in the GDPH center and were divided into two groups (7:3) randomly: development (n = 149) and internal validation (n = 54).

Wogonin reverses the drug resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to imatinib through CXCL12-CXCR4/7 axis in bone marrow microenvironment.

Background: In the current study, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells (K562 and KU812) co-cultured with human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were significantly less sensitive to imatinib (IM). The activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4/7 axis plays an important role in the protective effect of the bone marrow microenvironment (BME) on CML cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Wogonin could increase the sensitivity of CML cells to IM when they were co-cultured with BME and explore its underlying mechanism.

Corrigendum: Oroxylin a Inhibits the Protection of Bone Marrow Microenvironment on CML Cells Through CXCL12/CXCR4/P-gp Signaling Pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.

Oroxylin a Inhibits the Protection of Bone Marrow Microenvironment on CML Cells Through CXCL12/CXCR4/P-gp Signaling Pathway.

Imatinib (IM) resistance could have significant impact on the survival time of the CML-patients treated with IM. Previous studies have shown that the protective effects of the bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) on CML cells are achieved by the secretion of CXCL12. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Oroxylin A could reverse the protective effect of BMSCs on CML cells and illuminate the underlying mechanisms.

The CXCL12 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 chemokine axis: Oncogenic properties, molecular targeting, and synthetic and natural product CXCR4 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Chemokine 12 (CXCL12), also known as stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily, is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. It interacts specifically with the ligand for the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis takes part in a series of physiological, biochemical, and pathological process, such as inflammation and leukocyte trafficking, cancer-induced bone pain, and postsurgical pain, and also is a key factor in the cross-talking between tumor cells and their microenvironment.

A retrospective clinicopathological study of lung adenocarcinoma: Total tumor size can predict subtypes and lymph node involvement.

Purpose: To analyze the predictive ability of total tumor size in lung adenocarcinoma subtype and lymph node involvement.

Materials And Methods: 1018 patients, ≤3cm tumor, were enrolled. The maximum diameter and other variables of each tumor were measured.

[Establishment of A Clinical Prediction Model of Solid Solitary Pulmonary Nodules].

Background: The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a common and challenging clinical problem, especially solid SPN. The object of this study was to explore the predictive factors of SPN appearing as pure solid with malignance and to establish a clinical prediction model of solid SPNs.

Methods: We had a retrospective review of 317 solid SPNs (group A) having a final diagnosis in the department of thoracic surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015, and analyzed their clinical data and computed tomography (CT) images, including age, gender, smoking history, family history of cancer, previous cancer history, diameter of nodule, nodule location (upper lobe or non-upper lobe, left or right), clear border, smooth margin, lobulation, spiculation, vascular convergence, pleural retraction sign, air bronchogram sign, vocule sign, cavity and calcification.