A cell type-specific mechanism driving the rapid antidepressant effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment for brain disorders, but its therapeutic mechanism is unknown. We developed a novel mouse model of rTMS with superior clinical face validity and investigated the neural mechanism by which accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) - the first rapid-acting rTMS antidepressant protocol - reversed chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits. Using fiber photometry, we showed that aiTBS drives distinct patterns of neural activity in intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) projecting neurons in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC).

Frontostriatal regulation of brain circuits contributes to flexible decision making.

Deficits in behavioral or cognitive flexibility that are linked to altered activity in both cortical and subcortical brain regions, are often observed across multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway in rats plays a critical role in flexible control of behavior. However, the modulation of this pathway on activity and functional connectivity with the rest of the brain remains unclear.

Enabling electric field model of microscopically realistic brain.

Background: Modeling brain stimulation at the microscopic scale may reveal new paradigms for various stimulation modalities.

Objective: We present the largest map to date of extracellular electric field distributions within a layer L2/L3 mouse primary visual cortex brain sample. This was enabled by the automated analysis of serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling of image defects, covering a volume of 250 × 140 × 90 μm³.

Neuronal basis of high frequency fMRI fluctuation: direct evidence from simultaneous recording.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has been extensively utilized for noninvasive investigation of human brain activity. While studies employing simultaneous recordings of fMRI and electrophysiology have established a connection between the low-frequency fluctuation (< 0.1 Hz) observed in RS-fMRI and the local field potential (LFP), it remains unclear whether the RS-fMRI signal exhibits frequency-dependent modulation, which is a well-documented phenomenon in LFP.

Role of dorsal striatum circuits in relapse to opioid seeking after voluntary abstinence.

High relapse rate during abstinence is a defining characteristic of drug addiction. We previously found that opioid seeking progressively increases after voluntary abstinence induced by adverse consequences of oxycodone seeking (crossing an electric barrier). Functional MRI revealed that this effect is associated with changes in functional connectivity within medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC)- and dorsomedial striatum (DMS)-related circuits.

Ultra-high frequency repetitive TMS at subthreshold intensity induces suprathreshold motor response via temporal summation.

The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil induces an electric field that diminishes rapidly upon entering the brain. This presents a challenge in achieving focal stimulation of a deep brain structure. Neuronal elements, including axons, dendrites, and cell bodies, exhibit specific time constants.

Connectome-based Brain Marker Moderates the Relationship between Childhood Adversity and Transdiagnostic Psychopathology during Early Adolescence.

Importance: Identifying brain-based markers of resiliency that reliably predict who is and is not at elevated risk for developing psychopathology among children who experience adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is important for improving our mechanistic understanding of these etiological links between child adversity and psychopathology and guiding precision medicine and prevention efforts for reducing psychiatric impact of ACEs.

Objective: To examine associations between ACEs and transdiagnostic psychopathology during the transition from preadolescence to early adolescence and test whether these associations are moderated by a hypothesized resilience factor, a previously identified connectome variate (CV) that is associated with higher cognitive function and lower psychopathology.

Design Setting And Participants: This study was conducted in a longitudinal design based on multicenter data from a community cohort of U.

Enabling Electric Field Model of Microscopically Realistic Brain.

Unlabelled: Modeling brain stimulation at the microscopic scale may reveal new paradigms for various stimulation modalities. We present the largest map to date of extracellular electric field distributions within a layer L2/L3 mouse primary visual cortex brain sample. This was enabled by the automated analysis of serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling of image defects, covering a volume of 250 × 140 × 90 μm .

Effects of mindful breathing training combined with diary-based rehabilitation guidance in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: Lung cancer surgery patients experience severe physical and mental symptoms, which seriously affect their quality of life and prognosis. Mindful breathing training is a promising strategy to improve their symptoms, but its effectiveness is affected by training compliance, and diary-based rehabilitation instruction has been shown to help improve training compliance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mindful breathing training combined with diary-based rehabilitation guidance on improving perioperative outcomes in lung cancer surgery patients.

Effects of transitional care interventions on quality of life in people with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To identify and appraise the quality of evidence of transitional care interventions on quality of life in lung cancer patients.

Background: Quality of life is a strong predictor of survival. The transition from hospital to home is a high-risk period for patients' readmission and death, which seriously affect their quality of life.

High inductance magnetic-core coils have enhanced efficiency in inducing suprathreshold motor response in rats.

. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil design involves a tradeoff among multiple parameters, including magnetic flux density (), inductance (), induced electric () field, focality, penetration depth, coil heating, etc. Magnetic materials with high permeability have been suggested to enhance coil efficiency.

Brain Functional Connectome Defines a Transdiagnostic Dimension Shared by Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Preadolescents.

Background: Cognitive function and general psychopathology are two important classes of human behavior dimensions that are individually related to mental disorders across diagnostic categories. However, whether these two transdiagnostic dimensions are linked to common or distinct brain networks that convey resilience or risk for the development of psychiatric disorders remains unclear.

Methods: The current study is a longitudinal investigation with 11,875 youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at ages 9 to 10 years at the onset of the study.

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Interventions for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Problem Identification: Systematic reviews in adults with cancer have shown the benefits of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE) interventions on physical and psychological fitness. However, data on the efficacy of CE interventions for children and adolescents are limited and discordant.

Literature Search: The PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure electronic databases were searched from inception to April 19, 2022.

Software Package for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil and Coil Array Analysis and Design.

Objective: This study aims to describe a MATLAB software package for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil analysis and design.

Approach: Electric and magnetic fields of the coils as well as their self- and mutual (for coil arrays) inductances are computed, with or without a magnetic core. Solid and stranded (Litz wire) conductors are also taken into consideration.

Expression of the excitatory opsin ChRERα can be traced longitudinally in rat and nonhuman primate brains with PET imaging.

Optogenetics is a widely used technology with potential for translational research. A critical component of such applications is the ability to track the location of the transduced opsin in vivo. To address this problem, we engineered an excitatory opsin, ChRERα (hChR2(134R)-V5-ERα-LBD), that could be visualized using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in a noninvasive, longitudinal, and quantitative manner.

Effects of Preoperative High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Team Empowerment Education in Lung Cancer Patients With Surgery: A Quasi-experimental Trial.

Background: Cancer itself and surgery put a heavy burden on lung cancer patients, physiologically and psychologically. Enhancing self-efficacy during high-intensity interval training is essential for achieving the full benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training combined with team empowerment education on patients with lung resection.

Effectiveness of internet-based self-management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of internet-based self-management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Eight electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang and Weipu databases were systematically searched from inception of the database to January 10, 2022.

Clinical Indicators of Effects of Yoga Breathing Exercises on Patients With Lung Cancer After Surgical Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cancer itself and surgery pose a heavy burden on adults with lung cancer. Yoga breathing exercises have been proposed as a form of pulmonary rehabilitation exercises to improve these patients' perioperative outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the impact of yoga breathing exercises based on a problem-solving model on dyspnea, exercise capacity, anxiety, depression, and postoperative indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube and compliance in adults with lung cancer undergoing surgery.

Modeling transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with magnetic cores.

Accurate modeling of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils with the magnetic core is largely an open problem since commercial (quasi) magnetostatic solvers do not output specific field characteristics (e.g. induced electric field) and have difficulties when incorporating realistic head models.

Compulsive drug-taking is associated with habenula-frontal cortex connectivity.

As a critical node connecting the forebrain with the midbrain, the lateral habenula (LHb) processes negative feedback in response to aversive events and plays an essential role in value-based decision-making. Compulsive drug use, a hallmark of substance use disorder, is attributed to maladaptive decision-making regarding aversive drug-use-related events and has been associated with dysregulation of various frontal-midbrain circuits. To understand the contributions of frontal-habenula-midbrain circuits in the development of drug dependence, we employed a rat model of methamphetamine self-administration (SA) in the presence of concomitant footshock, which has been proposed to model compulsive drug-taking in humans.

Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits.

Nicotine exposure is associated with regional changes in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype expression patterns as a function of dose and age at the time of exposure. Moreover, nicotine dependence is associated with changes in brain circuit functional connectivity, but the relationship between such connectivity and concomitant regional distribution changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes following nicotine exposure is not understood. Although smoking typically begins in adolescence, developmental changes in brain circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic nicotine exposure remain minimally investigated.

Auricular Acupressure for Improving Sleep Quality in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupressure on sleep quality in patients with lung cancer. Nine articles with a total of 802 patients were retrieved after searching on 11 electronic databases. Results of the meta-analysis showed that auricular acupressure improved sleep score (standard mean difference: -0.

A high-density theta burst paradigm enhances the aftereffects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Evidence from focal stimulation of rat motor cortex.

Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is an efficient noninvasive neuromodulation paradigm that has been widely adopted, clinically. However, the efficacy of TBS treatment remains similarly modest as conventional 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Objective/hypothesis: To develop a new TBS paradigm that enhances the effects of TMS administration while maintaining high time-efficiency.