Research progress of nitroxide radical-based MRI contrast agents: from structure design to application.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a cornerstone of diagnostic imaging, offering unparalleled insights into anatomical structures and pathological conditions. Gadolinium-based contrast agents have long been the standard in MRI enhancement, yet concerns over nephrogenic systemic fibrosis have spurred interest in metal-free alternatives. Nitroxide radical-based MRI contrast agents (NO-CAs) have emerged as promising candidates, leveraging their biocompatibility and imaging capabilities.

RIG012 assists in the treatment of pneumonia by inhibiting the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.

Objective: Pneumonia is a common clinical condition primarily treated with antibiotics and organ support. Exploring the pathogenesis to identify therapeutic targets may aid in the adjunct treatment of pneumonia and improve survival rates.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from peripheral blood of 183 pneumonia patients were analyzed using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and univariate Cox regression analysis to identify signaling pathways associated with pneumonia mortality.

IBR1, a novel endogenous IFIH1-binding dsRNA, governs IFIH1 activation and M1 macrophage polarisation in ARDS.

Background: Uncontrolled inflammation caused by macrophages and monocytes plays a crucial role in worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have highlighted the importance of IFIH1 in regulating macrophage polarisation in ARDS triggered by pneumonia. However, the mechanisms by which IFIH1 is activated in ARDS remain unclear.

Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles expressing surface VCAM1 promote sepsis-related acute lung injury by targeting and reprogramming monocytes.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common life-threatening syndrome with no effective pharmacotherapy. Sepsis-related ARDS is the main type of ARDS and is more fatal than other types. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered novel mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases.

Ultralow RuO Doped NiS Heterojunction as a Multifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution linking to Biomass Organics Oxidation.

Hydrogen energy and biomass energy are green and sustainable forms that can solve the energy crisis all over the world. Electrocatalytic water splitting is a marvelous way to produce hydrogen and biomass platform molecules can be added into the electrolyte to reduce the overpotential and meanwhile are converted into some useful organics, but the key point is the design of electrocatalyst. Herein, ultralow noble metal Ru is doped into NiS to form RuO@NiS heterojunction.

[Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of endothelial derived extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome caused by a variety of internal and external injury factors in the lung, and its morbidity and mortality have remained stubbornly high. Recent studies have shown that endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles are an important mediator of pathological signal transduction and play an important regulatory role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of ARDS. Now our paper reviewed the regulatory mechanism of endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles in ARDS.

Multiparametric transrectal ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral zone prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer: novel scoring systems.

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and to design diagnostic scoring systems based on four modes of TRUS to predict peripheral zone prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods: A development cohort involved 124 nodules from 116 patients, and a validation cohort involved 72 nodules from 67 patients. Predictors for PCa and csPCa were extracted to construct PCa and csPCa models based on regression analysis of the development cohort.

Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection with various prostate sampling schemes based on different csPCa definitions.

Background: Combining targeted biopsy (TB) with systematic biopsy (SB) is currently recommended as the first-line biopsy method by the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) with an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combined SB and TB indeed detected an additional number of patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa); however, it did so at the expense of a concomitant increase in biopsy cores. Our study aimed to evaluate if ipsilateral SB (ipsi-SB) + TB or contralateral SB (contra-SB) + TB could achieve almost equal csPCa detection rates as SB + TB using fewer cores based on a different csPCa definition.

Initial fluid resuscitation (30 mL/kg) in patients with septic shock: More or less?

Objectives: The 2018 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) recommends rapid administration of 30 mL/kg crystalloid fluids for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L in patients with septic shock; however, there is limited evidence to support this recommendation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between initial fluid resuscitation doses and prognosis in patients with septic shock.

Methods: This was a multicenter prospective observational study of adult patients with septic shock who were admitted to four intensive care units (ICUs) in a total of three Jiangsu Province teaching hospitals over a 3-year span from May 8, 2018, to June 15, 2021.

[Effect of the completion time of initial 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation on the prognosis of patients with septic shock].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the completion time of initial 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation on the prognosis of patients with septic shock.

Methods: An observational study was conducted. The inpatients with septic shock admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University and Jiangdu People's Hospital from October 1st, 2018 to September 30th, 2020 were enrolled.

High-flow nasal cannula for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The evidence for the safety of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients is conflicting.

Objectives: To evaluate the intubation and mortality risks of HFNC compared to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) for AECOPD patients.

Methods: A search of electronic databases was performed.

Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance partly through hepatocyte growth factor in vitro.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory functions by inducing the development and differentiation of naive T cells into T cells with an anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype. Our previous study showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by MSCs had immunomodulatory effects in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We hypothesized that HGF is a key factor in the MSC-mediated regulation of the T helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance.

A meta-analysis of the effects of therapeutic hypothermia in adult patients with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Therapeutic hypothermia management remains controversial in patients with traumatic brain injury. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the risks and benefits of therapeutic hypothermia management in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Methods: We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane (Central) and Clinical Trials databases from inception to January 17, 2019.

The Value of Shadowing and the Twinkling Artifact in the Diagnosis of Ureteral Stones: A Single-center Study.

Objective: To determine and evaluate the value of shadowing and the twinkling artifact (TA) for the diagnosis of ureteral stones.

Materials And Methods: Related ultrasound images from 117 patients with suspected ureteral stones were consecutively collected with optimized machine settings, confirmed by computed tomography and then retrospectively reviewed by 12 physicians who were classified into 3 groups according to their experience levels: elementary, intermediate, and advanced. The shadowing/TA grades were separately evaluated by all the participating physicians in a blinded manner, and the consistency was verified using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W).

Sonographic Alteration of Basal Ganglia in Different Forms of Primary Focal Dystonia: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Few studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus (LN) are characteristic transcranial sonography (TCS) echo features in patients with primary dystonia. This study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal dystonia.

Methods: cross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 2014 in 80 patients with different forms of primary focal dystonia and 55 neurologically normal control subjects.

[Comparative study on polytene chromosomes of two isolates of Simulium quinquestriatus].

The salivary glands were exposed and isolated from the larvae of Simulium quinquestriatus and stained in carbol fuchsin, squashed between slide and coverslide. Slides were examined and photographed under microscope to measure the polytene chromosomes. Systematic analysis was made.