Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021-2022.

Background: Invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS, ) disease has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, types, and antimicrobial resistance of iGAS isolates collected in Canada in 2021 and 2022.

Methods: The Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of invasive .

A multi-provincial Typhimurium outbreak in Canada associated with exposure to pet hedgehogs, 2017-2020.

Background: In October 2020, an investigation began in Canada on an outbreak of Typhimurium infections of the same strain as a concomitant outbreak in the United States (US) that was linked to pet hedgehogs. The objective of this article is to identify the source of the outbreak, determine if there was a link between the Canadian and US outbreaks and identify risk factors for infection to inform public health interventions.

Methods: Cases were identified through whole genome sequencing of Typhimurium isolates.

Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2020.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which is caused by , has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. The use of conjugate vaccines has markedly decreased the incidence of IPD in Canada; however, the distribution of serotypes has shifted in favour of non-vaccine types. This report summarizes the demographics, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of IPD infections in Canada in 2020.

Invasive group A streptococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2020.

Background: Invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease (caused by ) has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, types and antimicrobial resistance of iGAS infections in Canada in 2020.

Methods: The Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (Winnipeg, Manitoba) collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of invasive typing was performed on all isolates using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sequencing protocol.

Canada-Wide Epidemic of Group A Invasive Disease.

Background: The number of invasive group A (iGAS) infections due to hitherto extremely rare type strains has increased in several Canadian provinces since late 2015. We hypothesized that the cases recorded in the different provinces are linked and caused by strains of an clone that recently emerged and expanded explosively.

Methods: We analyzed both active and passive surveillance data for iGAS infections and used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the strains responsible for these invasive infections country-wide.

Toward malaria eradication in Saudi Arabia: evidence from 4-year surveillance in Makkah.

Background And Objectives: Saudi Arabia has implemented strategies for the eradication of malaria. However, influx of people from countries endemic for malaria for either employment or Hajj makes the country highly susceptible to malaria importation. The Makkah region is known to host millions of immigrants yearly and has a surveillance system to monitor the incidence of malaria.

Incidence of and risk factors associated with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia (2010-2011).

Setting: National Tuberculosis Program, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Objective: To summarize data on the incidence of tuberculosis and associated risk factors for cases reported during 2010-2011.

Design: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data through an established national disease notification system of the Ministry of Health in KSA.

Growth and inactivation of Salmonella at low refrigerated storage temperatures and thermal inactivation on raw chicken meat and laboratory media: mixed effect meta-analysis.

Growth and inactivation regression equations were developed to describe the effects of temperature on Salmonella concentration on chicken meat for refrigerated temperatures (⩽10°C) and for thermal treatment temperatures (55-70°C). The main objectives were: (i) to compare Salmonella growth/inactivation in chicken meat versus laboratory media; (ii) to create regression equations to estimate Salmonella growth in chicken meat that can be used in quantitative risk assessment (QRA) modeling; and (iii) to create regression equations to estimate D-values needed to inactivate Salmonella in chicken meat. A systematic approach was used to identify the articles, critically appraise them, and pool outcomes across studies.

Review of Canadian literature to estimate risks associated with Salmonella in broilers from retail to consumption in Canadian homes.

The objective was to review the literature related to the risk of salmonellosis from chicken consumed in private homes in Canada. The pathway of concern was retail-to-consumption at private homes due to the direct link between this pathway and public health. A qualitative review was conducted by searching Canadian governmental agencies' webpages, published peer-reviewed journals, and by contacting experts in the field.

Quantitative risk assessment of human salmonellosis in Canadian broiler chicken breast from retail to consumption.

The current quantitative risk assessment model followed the framework proposed by the Codex Alimentarius to provide an estimate of the risk of human salmonellosis due to consumption of chicken breasts which were bought from Canadian retail stores and prepared in Canadian domestic kitchens. The model simulated the level of Salmonella contamination on chicken breasts throughout the retail-to-table pathway. The model used Canadian input parameter values, where available, to represent risk of salmonellosis.