Effect of age on response to anti-VEGF agents in patients with center involving diabetic macular edema in a tertiary hospital.

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of age as an independent factor for the response to two anti-VEGF agents, intravitreal ranibizumab and intravitreal aflibercept, among patients presented with central-involving DME in one tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study.

Results: A total of 210 eyes of 121 patients were included in the study.

The Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder in some regions of the world, with over 2.3 million people diagnosed worldwide. Cognitive impairment is one of the earliest symptoms to present in the course of the disease and can cause significant morbidity.

Psychosocial predictors of patient adherence to disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Our aim was to identify the impact of psychosocial predictors, specifically relationship style, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, cognitive impairment, and culture-specific disease beliefs, on treatment adherence for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, patients from two MS clinics in Saudi Arabia completed self-reported questionnaires focused on MS treatment adherence, physical symptom burden, relationship style, cultural beliefs, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.

Results: A total of 163 MS patients participated, 81.