The Value Of PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Expression In Egyptian Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Patients.

Objectives: To evaluate programmed death-ligand 1 immunohistochemical expression in the available variants of urinary bladder carcinoma, and to correlate its expression with the available clinicopathological features.

Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, from February 2020 to April 2021, and comprised formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of urinary bladder carcinoma belonging to patients who had no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Immunohistochemicalstaining of all cases was done using anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody.

YKL-40 immunoexpression as a prognosticator of mycosis fungoides.

Background: YKL-40 is a 40 kDa chitinase-like glycoprotein that is predicted to contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.

Objectives: To assess YKL-40 immunoexpression in different stages of mycosis fungoides (MF) to find out if YKL-40 is playing a possible role in disease pathophysiology and progression.

Methods: This work included 50 patients with different stages of MF diagnosed on the basis of clinical, histopathological, and both CD4 and CD8 immunophenotyping, in addition to 25 normal control skin.

Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat.

A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC.

Vitamin D3 supplementation could ameliorate the inflammatory and redox status in the muscular phase of trichinellosis.

Nutritional supplements, particularly vitamin D, have been widely used worldwide in the treatment of various infections, including parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the muscular phase of trichinellosis in experimental animals. Mice were divided as follows: (group I): infected untreated, (group IIa) infected and treated with vitamin D3 for 12 doses beginning 2 weeks before infection and continuing after infection, (group IIb) infected and treated with vitamin D3 for 8 doses beginning on the same day of infection, (group III) normal control, (group IVa) which received vitamin D3 for 12 doses and (group IVb) which received vitamin D3 for 8 doses.

Modulating gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis: the restorative effects of β-glucan and/or celastrol.

Objectives: Microbiome-Mitochondria interaction is gaining a significant attention; thus, studying its mechanism emerges as a must to provide restorative lines in managing diseases. The aim is to study the mechanistic effects of β-Glucan and/or Celastrol in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: 75 Wistar rats were allocated into 5 equal groups.

Significance of SOX18 expression in nonmelanoma skin cancers for prediction of high-risk patients: a preliminary study.

Background: SOX18 is an integral transcription factor that is involved in endothelial cells differentiation during both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, it has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis.

Objective: To study SOX18 expression in nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) in comparison to seborrheic keratosis (SK) and normal control skin, and to assess its probable role in tumor evolution and progression.

The Prognostic Value of Podoplanin Expression in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Correlation With Lymphatic Vessel Density.

Background: Podoplanin is one of the integral molecules controlling cellular motility and migration that is considered crucial in initiating tumor invasiveness and metastasis.

Objective: This work aimed at studying the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin in nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) in comparison to normal control skin and to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis.

Patients And Methods: This study included 120 patients and paraffin blocks of epidermal tumors [30 SK, 30 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 30 basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) and 30 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)], in addition to 30 normal control skin specimens from age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.

Prostatic Carcinogenesis: More Insights.

Background: Prostatic carcinoma ranks as the second most common malignant tumor and the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Many studies now focus on the different molecules involved in prostatic carcinogenesis. Maspin and prohibitin (PHB) are suggested to play crucial roles in the development and progression of many cancers; however, their roles in prostatic carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated.

Can immunohistochemistry replace immunofluorescence in diagnosis of skin bullous diseases?

Autoimmune bullous diseases are distressing and sometimes risky bullous dermatoses characterized by the presence of antibodies focused against disease-specific target antigens. Recognition of these antibodies using immunofluorescence is used to be the only sure diagnostic method after reviewing the routine histopathological section. Because of many causes that make the using of immunofluorescence difficult, we tried to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of these bullous skin diseases; 40 pemphigus cases (30 pemphigus vulgaris and 10 pemphigus foliaceus) and 37 non-pemphigus cases (35 vesiculobullous skin diseases and 2 normal skin).

Expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy-related marker, in chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation with apoptotic markers.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in worldwide. Multiple precancerous factors, including infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), have been studied extensively. Autophagy is a highly regulated process, involved in the turnover of damaged organelles.

Do HOXB13 and P63 have a role in differentiating poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma from urothelial high-grade carcinoma?

Poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma may overlap with high-grade urothelial carcinoma; a distinction is a must as treatments differ. This study aims to evaluate traditional (PSA and HMWCK) and relatively novel (P63 and HOXB13) markers in distinguishing them; and to evaluate their role in the diagnosis of challenging cases. Sections from: diagnosed group includes 65 prostatic and urothelial carcinoma cases were stained with PSA, HMWCK, P63, and HOXB13.

Immunohistochemical panel for differentiating renal cell carcinoma with clear and papillary features.

Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in which clear cells with papillary architecture are present is a difficult diagnostic challenge. Clear cell RCC, rarely has papillary architecture. Papillary RCC rarely contains clear cells.

Immunohistochemical Panel for Differentiating Renal Cell Carcinoma with Clear and Papillary Features.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in which clear cells with papillary architecture are present is a difficult diagnostic challenge. The most common type, clear cell RCC, only rarely has papillary architecture. The second most common one, papillary RCC, only rarely contains clear cells.

Evaluation of p16, human papillomavirus capsid protein L1 and Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial lesions: potential utility in diagnosis and prognosis.

Cervical dysplasia, a potentially precancerous lesion, has increased in young women. Detection of cervical dysplasia is important for reducing morbidity and mortality in cervical cancer. This study analyzes the immunohistochemical expression of p16, HPV L1 capsid protein and Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial lesions, and correlates them with lesion grade to develop a set of markers for diagnosis and detect the prognosis of cervical cancer precursors.

Utility of immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis of follicular cell derived thyroid lesions.

Differentiating the follicular derived lesions can be challenging. Although immunohistochemistry is generally accepted as a useful ancillary technique in the diagnosis, controversy exists regarding the best marker or combination of markers to distinguish each lesion from its mimics. In this study, we aimed at evaluating multiple markers to compare their sensitivity and usefulness, and to find out if a combination of the evaluated markers can be of additional value in discriminating thyroid lesions.

Differential caveolin-1 expression in colon carcinoma and its relation to E-cadherin-β-catenin complex.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Caveolin-1 is a new emerging prognostic marker and has different expression abilities in different cancers. The expression of caveolin-1 in colon carcinogenesis is still confusing.

Prevalence of androgen receptors in invasive breast carcinoma and its relation with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Her2/neu expression.

Background And Aims: Although Breast carcinoma had many targeted biomarkers for its treatment, however, it is a heterogeneous disease with different outcomes and need new markers especially for the triple negative group when estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors and Her2/neu are negative. Androgen receptor is a new target with unclear role. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of androgen receptors in invasive breast cancer and tries to elucidate its relation to some well recognized clinicopathological and immunohistochemical markers.

Immunophenotyping of dendritic cells in lesional, perilesional and distant skin of chronic plaque psoriasis.

Psoriasis affects 2.7% of the world's population. The sequence of these events remains controversial.

Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ovarian epithelial cancer and relation to patient deaths.

Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the world. Current prognostic factors do not allow reliable prediction of response to chemotherapy and survival for individual ovarian cancer patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are frequently studied in cancer; but their prognostic value in ovarian carcinoma remains unclear.

Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblastic growth factor, and microvessel density and their relation to cell proliferation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblastic growth factor (b-FGF) have been described as essential cytokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. Their elevation has been associated with an unfavorable outcome in different neoplasms. However, their role in angiogenesis and proliferation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) is unclear.