Remission of Refractory Ascites and Discontinuation of Hemodialysis after Additional Rituximab to Long-term Glucocorticoid Therapy in a Patient with TAFRO Syndrome.

Thrombocytopenia, ascites, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome is a newly recognized but rare disease, and its treatment has not yet been established. We reported a 50-year-old woman with TAFRO syndrome diagnosed 2 years after the initial symptoms of a fever, fatigue, epigastric pain, edema, ascites, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia and renal insufficiency. The patient showed refractory ascites and required hemodialysis under corticosteroid mono-therapy for suspected immune-mediated disease but was successfully treated with additive rituximab, resulting in improvement in her laboratory data, the withdrawal of hemodialysis and the disappearance of ascites.