Long-term outcomes and survival rates of renal cell carcinoma patients in Erbil, Iraq: a follow-up study.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers originating from renal tubular and epithelial cells, constituting 2-4% of global cancer cases. Incidence patterns vary internationally, with the Czech Republic and European Baltic countries experiencing higher rates. Despite the majority of cases being sporadic, approximately 4% have a hereditary basis.