Coagulation and endothelial dysfunction during longterm hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia--effects of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition.

Coagulation abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis and organ dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is regarded as a critical mediator of many vascular pathologies, including sepsis. However, limited evidence is available to document a relationship between NO generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and hemostatic abnormalities in sepsis.

Effects of combining inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and radical scavenger during porcine bacteremia.

Complex interactions of nitric oxide and other free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis and organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that simultaneous inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition (L-N6-[1-iminoethyl]-lysine [L-NIL]) and neutralization of superoxide (O2-) (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl [Tempol]) would protect from detrimental consequences of long-term, volume-resuscitated, hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia. In this prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study, 16 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and instrumented pigs were exposed to 24 h of continuous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal proBNP in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are released into circulation as a result of congestive heart failure (HF). As HF and water overload are frequent complications in haemodialysis (HD) patients, we decided to study the levels of BNP and NT-proBNP and their changes during HD.

Methods: BNP and NT-proBNP levels were determined in 94 HD patients before and after a regular 4-h HD.

Effects of tempol, a free radical scavenger, on long-term hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia.

Objectives: Pretreatment with tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, has been shown to be protective in rodent models of endotoxic and Gram-positive shock. However, neither the pretreatment design nor hypodynamic endotoxic shock in rodents mimics the clinical scenario. Therefore, we investigated the effects of tempol in a posttreatment model of long-term, volume-resuscitated, hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia.

Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition during long-term hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia.

We have recently demonstrated that selective inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) inhibition with 1400W attenuated the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations affiliated with hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. In contrast to endotoxemia, limited evidence is available to document a relationship between NO and organ dysfunction in large animal bacteremic models. Therefore, using the same experimental setup, we investigated the role of selective iNOS blockade in porcine bacteremia induced and maintained for 24 h with a continuous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa.