Peptide Backbone Editing via Post-Translational O to C Acyl Shift.

Despite tremendous efforts to engineer translational machinery, replacing the encoded peptide backbone with new-to-nature structures remains a significant challenge. C, H, O, and N are the elements of life, yet ribosomes are capable of forming only C-N bonds as amides, C-O bonds as esters, and C-S bonds as thioesters. There is no current strategy to site-selectively form C-C bonds as ketones embedded in the backbones of ribosomal products.

Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model.

Background: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential due to pluripotency and paracrine functions. However, their stemness and immunomodulatory capabilities are sub-optimal in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture.

Aim: To enhance the efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an -like 3D culture condition was applied.

hsa-mir-483-3p modulates delayed breast cancer recurrence.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer undergoing continuous adjuvant hormone therapy often experience delayed recurrence with tamoxifen use, potentially causing adverse effects. However, the lack of biomarkers hampers patient selection for extended endocrine therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying delayed recurrence and identify biomarkers.

The mutual interaction of TRPC5 channel with polycystin proteins.

PKD1 regulates a number of cellular processes through the formation of complexes with the PKD2 ion channel or transient receptor potential classical (TRPC) 4 in the endothelial cells. Although Ca modulation by polycystins has been reported between PKD1 and TRPC4 channel or TRPC1 and PKD2, the function with TRPC subfamily regulated by PKD2 has remained elusive. We confirmed TRPC4 or TRPC5 channel activation via PKD1 by modulating G-protein signaling without change in TRPC4/C5 translocation.

Compression force promotes glioblastoma progression through the Piezo1‑GDF15‑CTLA4 axis.

Glioma, a type of brain tumor, is influenced by mechanical forces in its microenvironment that affect cancer progression. However, our understanding of the contribution of compression and its associated mechanisms remains limited. The objective of the present study was to create an environment in which human brain glioma H4 cells experience pressure and thereby investigate the compressive mechanosensors and signaling pathways.

Unique responses of the fixed stoichiometric TRPC1-TRPC5 concatemer to G proteins.

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)5 channel is a non-selective cation channel that plays a significant role in membrane depolarization and calcium influx. TRPC5 not only forms homotetramers itself but also heterotetramers with TRPC1. However, accurately testing and confirming these heterotetrameric channels at specific ratios has proven challenging.

Preadipocytes potentiate melanoma progression and M2 macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment.

Melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer, originates from epidermal melanocytes. The influence of preadipocytes on melanoma is less understood. We co-cultured mouse melanoma B16 cells with 3T3L1 preadipocytes to form mixed spheroids and observed increased melanoma proliferation and growth compared to B16-only spheroids.

Direct modulation of TRPC ion channels by Gα proteins.

GPCR-G protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-G protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action.

Needs Assessment Survey for Stroke Care Core Competency-Based Training for Neuroscience Nurses.

Background: Assessment of stroke care core competency for neuroscience nurses is crucial for developing training programs to improve the quality of care for patients who have a stroke. The goal of this study was to determine the priorities for competency-based training using an importance-performance analysis of stroke care core competency among neuroscience nurses.

Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 154 neuroscience nurses.

Effects of Ponderal Index on Neonatal Mortality and Morbidities in Extremely Premature Infants.

Background: To evaluate how intrauterine stress affects extremely premature infants in terms of intrauterine growth restriction. We hypothesized that extremely premature infants with mildly-low ponderal index (MPI) would have better neonatal outcomes.

Methods: We selected 2,721 subjects of 23 to 28 weeks of gestation between 2013 and 2015 from Korean Neonatal Network database.

FMAQ-S: Development of a Short Form of the Family Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire.

Introduction: Identifying and training students who choose family medicine careers is essential to meeting primary care workforce needs in the United States. Medical students' positive attitudes toward family medicine are associated with students' choice of family medicine as a specialty. This study sought to refine a previously tested questionnaire assessing US medical students' attitudes toward family medicine by shortening the questionnaire to make it more useful in educational practice and research settings.

The agonistic action of URO-K10 on Kv7.4 and 7.5 channels is attenuated by co-expression of KCNE4 ancillary subunit.

KCNQ family constitutes slowly-activating potassium channels among voltage-gated potassium channel superfamily. Recent studies suggested that KCNQ4 and 5 channels are abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells, especially in lower urinary tract including and that both channels can exert membrane stabilizing effect in the tissues. In this article, we examined the electrophysiological characteristics of overexpressed KCNQ4, 5 channels in HEK293 cells with recently developed KCNQ-specific agonist.

Attitudes Toward Family Medicine Among Students Choosing Other Primary Care Specialties.

Background And Objectives: Little is known about how medical students choose between primary care specialties. We compared the attitudes toward family medicine of medical students intending to practice primary care but not family medicine (PCNFM), with students intending to practice family medicine (FM) and those intending nonprimary care (NPC) careers.

Methods: The Family Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire (FMAQ) was distributed to 2,644 fourth-year medical students at 16 medical schools in spring 2017.

Transcriptome analysis of low-dose ionizing radiation-impacted genes in CD4 T-cells undergoing activation and regulation of their expression of select cytokines.

Immune cells are known as the most sensitive tissue for ionizing radiation. Numerous reports relating with the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on immune activities showed that LDIR can induce immune-potentiation via modulating the activity of B-, T-, and NK cells, or macrophages, whereas high-dose radiation induces genome-wide apoptotic/necrotic tissue injury and immune suppression. Generally, CD4 T-cells play pivotal roles in immune systems via cytokines and cell-surface molecules to activate other types of immune cells to eliminate the pathogen.

The expression of CKLFSF2B is regulated by GATA1 and CREB in the Leydig cells, which modulates testicular steroidogenesis.

CKLFSF is a protein family that serves as a functional bridge between chemokines and members of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). In the course of evolution, CKLFSF2 has evolved as two isoforms, namely CKLFSF2A and CKLFSF2B, in mice. CKLFSF2A, also known as CMTM2A and ARR19, is expressed in the testis and is important for testicular steroidogenesis.

Differences in cytokine levels between the nasal polyps of adolescents with local allergic and adolescents with allergic or nonallergic rhinitis.

Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is rhinitis with a localized nasal allergic response in the absence of systemic allergy. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenesis specific to LAR compared with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) by using cytokines from polypous tissues.

Methods: We recruited 43 patients with AR (n = 15; mean age, 17.

Rotavirus infection as a frequent cause of neonatal fever.

Background: Fever rather than diarrhea or vomiting was the most common symptom of neonatal rotavirus (RV) infection in our previous study. We investigated whether RV infection is a major cause of neonatal fever and compared the clinical characteristics of bacterial infection, viral infection and unknown causes of neonatal fever.

Method: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 48 newborns aged ≤28 days who were admitted to the Special Care Nursery of Hanyang University Guri Hospital for fever (≥38°C) from 2005 to 2009.