Pulsed electric field (PEF) energy shows potential as an effective method for catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF), but its impact on red blood cells (erythrocytes) is not well understood.
A study involving 60 AF patients found that PEF ablation significantly increased levels of free hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and bilirubin, indicating intravascular hemolysis after the procedure.
The results suggested that the extent of hemolysis correlates strongly with the number of PEF applications, with more than 74 applications being linked to significant damage to red blood cells.
The study focused on how radiofrequency (RF) ablation affects atrial electrograms in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, specifically looking at local tissue damage and changes in signal strength following the procedure.
Twelve patients underwent RF ablation, and high-density mapping revealed that the bipolar voltages of atrial electrograms decreased significantly immediately after the procedure and continued to drop after 30 minutes, with the greatest reductions occurring near the site of the lesion.
The results indicated that while acute voltage reductions were mainly due to thermal injury, the delayed changes were likely caused by swelling (oedema) extending the impact beyond the immediate area of the lesion.