Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with [MeN][SeCF].

Oxidative decarboxylation/trifluoromethylselenolation of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic carboxylic acids with the nucleophilic [MeN][SeCF] salt and an organic photocatalyst is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature under transition-metal-free conditions and affords the corresponding trifluoromethylselenolated products in good yields. Advantages of the method include good functional group tolerance, without preactivation of the acids, and late-stage functionalization of the complex drug molecules.

TfOH-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Cascade Trifluoroethylation/Cyclization of Organic Isothiocyanates by Phenyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium Triflate.

An efficient and transition-metal-free method for the synthesis of the structurally diversified trifluoroethylthiol phenanthridines and 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines is described. Various 2-isothiocyanobiaryls and aryl alkyl isothiocyanates reacted with phenyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflate in CHCl in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 40 °C to form the corresponding trifluoroethylation/cyclization products in good to quantitative yields. This work represents the first construction of trifluoroethylthiol phenanthridine and isoquinoline derivatives from isothiocyanates in the absence of transition-metal catalysts by a one-pot procedure.

Pd-catalyzed divergent trifluoroethylation and arylation of arylboronic acids by aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates.

Highly electrophilic aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates have been used for the first time as trifluoroethyl and aryl transfer reagents in Pd-catalyzed functionalization of arylboronic acids. Electron-rich arylboronic acids reacted with aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates (2a-b) in CH3CN in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 and K3PO4 at room temperature to provide trifluoroethyl arenes in up to 82% yield, while the reactions of both electron-rich and -poor arylboronic acids with 2a-b in DMF in the presence of Pd[P(t-Bu)3]2 and Cs2CO3 at 40 °C afforded arylation products in up to 99% yield. This tunable protocol allows access to trifluoroethyl arenes or biaryls in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and without the addition of extra ligands.

[Analysis on the etiological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Beijing].

Objective: To understand the etiological and molecular-epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Beijing.

Methods: Stool specimens from sporadic diarrheal patients were collected during April to December, 2010. Culture and serotyping were used to detect the Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the 2118 specimens.

[Etiological surveillance and analysis of infectious diarrhea in Beijing in year 2010].

Objective: To explore the pathogenic form, epidemic features and serotype distribution of the pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in Beijing.

Methods: A total of 2118 samples of rectal swabs and stool specimens of diarrheal patients were collected from 6 surveillant intestinal tract clinics during the period between April and October, 2010. Enteric multiple pathogens including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Shigella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were detected by the isolation culture, biochemical identification and serotyping methods.

[Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella in Beijing from 2008 to 2009].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and molecular phenotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Beijing from 2008 to 2009.

Methods: A total of one hundred thirty-seven isolates recovered from the WHO Global Salmonella Surveillance system and entero clinic surveillance system were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping. The related epidemiological informations were also analyzed.

[Etiology of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Beijing, 2009].

This study aimed to reveal the pathogen spectrum of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) isolates in Beijing in 2009. From 1044 clinical specimens collected from 975 HFMD cases at Beijing Pediatrics Hospital, Beijing You'an Hospital and Beijing Ditan Hospital in 2009, viral nucleic acids of enterovirus were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Enterovirus isolations were conducted with rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line on 200 throat swabs having positive RT-PCR results.

[Etiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the results of detection on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing from May 2009 to December 2009 and to understand the epidemiologic characteristics during the pandemic period.

Methods: The study was conducted from the May 1 to December 27, 2009. A total of 101 852 throat swab samples were detected with the real-time RT-PCR assay by the Beijing Network Laboratory.

[Etiological analysis of enteric infectious diseases during Beijing Olympic Games].

Objective: To understand pathogen patterns of enteric infectious diseases and its impact on this pattern due to aggregation of a great deal of foreign visitors during Beijing Olympic Games.

Methods: The diarrheal patient's rectal swabs and stool specimens were collected from Olympic stadium and hospitals of four districts, including Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian and Chaoyang. Enteric multiple pathogens were detected from the total 45 specimens.

[Study on the epidemiologic characteristics of norovirus infection in Beijing].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in Beijing.

Methods: Both outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis were studied through questionnaires while the stools of patients were collected. Noroviruses were detected by ELISA or RT-PCR, and PCR products were cloned and sequenced.