Initiation of Progressive Morphological Transition Towards an Echino-Stomato-Spherocytic Phenotype by Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Its Implication in Thrombosis.

Morphological changes in erythrocytes during disease, aging, or reactions to external agents are significant as they can influence disease progression. However, the exact mechanisms behind these temporary alterations and their potential to cause dysfunction remain unclear. Using a saponin-induced erythrocyte shape transition (EST) model, we studied the gradual shift of erythrocytes towards echino-stomato-spherocytic forms and its link to hemolysis and thrombosis.

Polystyrene nanoplastics promote the blood-brain barrier dysfunction through autophagy pathway and excessive erythrophagocytosis.

There is increasing concern regarding the risks posed by plastics to human health. Nano-sized plastics enter the body through various exposure routes. Although nano-sized particles circulate through the bloodstream and access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the harmful impacts of nano-sized plastics on BBB function including endothelial cells are not well known.

Trivalent arsenicals induce skin toxicity through thiol depletion.

Arsenic, a widespread environmental contaminant, is highly toxic to human health. Arsenic exposure is associated with the occurrence of skin lesions and diseases. This study investigated the dermal toxicity of trivalent arsenicals (As and MMA) and its underlying mechanism using human keratinocyte cell line and ex vivo porcine skin.

Biomedical application of TiONPs can cause arterial thrombotic risks through triggering procoagulant activity, activation and aggregation of platelets.

Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) are widely used in medical application. However, the relevant health risk has not been completely assessed, the potential of inducing arterial thrombosis (AT) in particular.

Methods: Alterations in platelet function and susceptibility to arterial thrombosis induced by TiONPs were examined using peripheral blood samples from healthy adult males and an in vivo mouse model, respectively.

Amine-modified nanoplastics promote the procoagulant activation of isolated human red blood cells and thrombus formation in rats.

Background: Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) formed from decomposed plastic are increasing environmental threats. Although MPs and NPs exposed through various routes enter the systemic circulation, the potential toxicity of those is largely unknown. We investigated whether polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) promote the coagulation activity of red blood cells (RBCs).

MARTX toxin of Vibrio vulnificus induces RBC phosphatidylserine exposure that can contribute to thrombosis.

V. vulnificus-infected patients suffer from hemolytic anemia and circulatory lesions, often accompanied by venous thrombosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with V.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance thrombosis through triggering the phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant activation of red blood cells.

Background: Expanding biomedical application of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) is raising the public concern on its potential health hazards. Here, we demonstrated that TiO NPs can increase phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and procoagulant activity of red blood cells (RBCs), which may contribute to thrombosis.

Results: We conducted in vitro studies using RBCs freshly isolated from healthy male volunteers.

Fresh Crab Plays an Important Role as a Nutrient Reservoir for the Rapid Propagation of .

is a well-known opportunistic pathogen causing food-borne illnesses by ingestion of contaminated seafood. A new strain of FORC_016 was isolated from a patient's blood sample in South Korea. The genome consists of two circular DNA chromosomes: chromosome I (3,234,424 bp with a G + C contents of 46.

Molecular interaction between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and chicken breast reveals enhancement of pathogenesis and toxicity for food-borne outbreak.

To study pathogenesis and toxicity of Staphylococcus aureus in foods, FORC_062 was isolated from a human blood sample and complete genome sequence has a type II SCCmec gene cluster and a type II toxin-antitoxin system, indicating an MRSA strain. Its mobile gene elements has many pathogenic genes involved in host infection, biofilm formation, and various enterotoxin and hemolysin genes. Clinical MRSA is often found in animal foods and ingestion of MRSA-contaminated foods causes human infection.

Comparative genomic analysis reveals genetic features related to the virulence of FORC_013.

Background: is well known as a gastrointestinal pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In the present study, we sequenced the complete genome of FORC_013 isolated from fried eel in South Korea. To extend our understanding of the genomic characteristics of FORC_013, we conducted a comparative analysis with the published genomes of other strains.

Genomic Insights and Its Comparative Analysis with Reveals the Potential Virulence Determinants and Further Pathogenicity for Foodborne Outbreaks.

is a well-known foodborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The strain FORC_002 was isolated from the gill of flatfish (plaice) and its genome was sequenced. The genomic DNA consists of 4,837,317 bp with a GC content of 47.

Complete genome of FORC014 isolated from the toothfish.

Background: Foodborne illness can occur due to various pathogenic bacteria such as and , and can cause severe gastroenteritis symptoms. In this study, we completed the genome sequence of a foodborne pathogen FORC_014, which was isolated from suspected contaminated toothfish from South Korea. Additionally, we extended our knowledge of genomic characteristics of the FORC_014 strain through comparative analysis using the complete sequences of other strains whose complete genomes have previously been reported.

Genome Sequence of FORC_021, a Food-Borne Pathogen Isolated from a Knife at a Sashimi Restaurant.

causes food-borne illness through contaminated foods; therefore, its pathogenicity and genome sequences have been analyzed in several studies. We sequenced and analyzed strain FORC_021 isolated from a sashimi restaurant. The genome sequence consists of 5,373,294 bp with 35.

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio vulnificus FORC_017 isolated from a patient with a hemorrhagic rash after consuming raw dotted gizzard shad.

Background: Vibrio vulnificus, a resident in the human gut, is frequently found in seafood, causing food-borne illnesses including gastroenteritis and severe septicemia. While V. vulnificus has been known to be one of the major food-borne pathogens, pathogenicity and virulence factors are not fully understood yet.

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain FORC_008, a foodborne pathogen from a flounder fish in South Korea.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, motile, nonspore-forming pathogen that causes foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated seafoods. Although many cases of foodborne outbreaks caused by V. parahaemolyticus have been reported, the genomes of only five strains have been completely sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics.

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus FORC_023 isolated from raw fish storage water.

Vibrio parahaemolyticusis a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that causes food-borne gastroenteritis in humans who consumeV. parahaemolyticus-contaminated seafood.The FORC_023 strain was isolated from raw fish storage water, containing live fish at a sashimi restaurant.

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus cereus FORC_005, a food-borne pathogen from the soy sauce braised fish-cake with quail-egg.

Due to abundant contamination in various foods, the pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus has been widely studied in physiological and molecular level. B. cereus FORC_005 was isolated from a Korean side dish, soy sauce braised fish-cake with quail-egg in South Korea.

Loss of Integrity: Impairment of the Blood-brain Barrier in Heavy Metal-associated Ischemic Stroke.

Although stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, preventive or therapeutic options are still limited. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of this life-threatening disease is urgently needed. The incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke are increased by exposure to certain types of xenobiotics, including heavy metals, suggesting the possible toxicological contribution of these compounds to the onset or aggravation of stroke.

Inhibitory effects of black soybean on platelet activation mediated through its active component of adenosine.

Owing to the beneficial health effects on human cardiovascular system, soybeans and soy-related products have been a focus of intensive research. Soy isoflavones are known to be primarily responsible for the soy-related biological effects including anti-platelet activity but its in vivo relevancy has not been fully verified. Here we compared the role of adenosine, an active ingredient abundant in black soybean (BB) extract, in the anti-platelet effects of BB, to that of soy isoflavones.

Rapid, simultaneous and nanomolar determination of pyroglutamic acid and cis-/trans-urocanic acid in human stratum corneum by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid, sensitive and specific hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric (HILIC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of pyroglutamic acid, cis- and trans-urocanic acid in human skin stratum corneum (SC) were developed and validated. This method was carried out without derivatization or addition of ion-pair additives in mobile phase. The analytes were extracted by PBS buffer solution and analyzed using an electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.

Factors affecting the apparent solubility of ursodeoxycholic acid in the grinding process.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was ground by a vibrating mill. Apparent solubility of the ground sample was determined by Coulter counter method. The samples were characterized by pore size distribution measurement, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement, near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurement.