Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Insights from Spectral Dual-energy CT.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of spectral dual-energy detector computed tomography (SDCT) and its associated parameters in diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of imaging data from 86 APE-diagnosed patients using SDCT was conducted. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 40, 70, and 100 KeV, Iodine concentration (IC) maps, Electron Cloud Density Map (ECDM), Effective atomic number (Z-eff) maps, and Hounsfield unit attenuation plots (VMI slope) were reconstructed from pulmonary artery phase CT images.

Automatic X-ray teeth segmentation with grouped attention.

Detection and teeth segmentation from X-rays, aiding healthcare professionals in accurately determining the shape and growth trends of teeth. However, small dataset sizes due to patient privacy, high noise, and blurred boundaries between periodontal tissue and teeth pose challenges to the models' transportability and generalizability, making them prone to overfitting. To address these issues, we propose a novel model, named Grouped Attention and Cross-Layer Fusion Network (GCNet).

Evaluation of the GATIS score for predicting prognosis in rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

The GATIS score, developed by Zeng , represents a significant advancement in predicting the prognosis of patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NENs). This study, which included 1408 patients from 17 major medical centres in China over 12 years, introduces a novel prognostic model based on the tumour grade, T stage, tumour size, age, and the prognostic nutritional index. Compared with traditional methods such as the World Health Organization classification and TNM staging systems, the GATIS score has superior predictive power for overall survival and progression-free survival.

A Novel ANG-BSA/BCNU/ICG MNPs Integrated for Targeting Therapy of Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Develop an albumin nanoparticle-based nanoprobe for targeted glioblastoma (GBM) diagnosis and treatment, utilizing Angopep-2 for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) targeting.

Methods: Combined albumin-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), Carmustine (BCNU), and indocyanine green (ICG). Assessed morphology, size, Zeta potential, fluorescence, and drug encapsulation.

Advances in diffuse glioma assessment: preoperative and postoperative applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is a technique that uses specific off-resonance saturation pulses to pre-saturate targeted substances. This process influences the signal intensity of free water, thereby indirectly providing information about the pre-saturated substance. Among the clinical applications of CEST, Amide Proton Transfer (APT) is currently the most well-established.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Selective Reduction of Nitroolefins to Nitroalkanes.

Nitroalkanes serve as essential intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. To date, nitroalkanes are mainly prepared from homogeneous catalysts such as noble transition metal catalysts with poor recyclability. Herein, we propose a metal-organic framework-frustrated Lewis pair (MOF-FLP) heterogeneous catalyst for selectively reducing nitroolefins to nitroalkanes under moderate reaction conditions.

Comparison of the Ability of Gadobenate Dimeglumine and Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Dimeglumine to Display the major Features for Noninvasively Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma According to the LI-RADS 2018v.

Objective: To compare the ability of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl dimeglumine (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) to display the 3 major features recommended by the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS 2018v) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 98 HCC lesions that were scanned with either Gd-EOB-DTPA-MR or Gd-BOPTA-M.For each lesion, we collected multiple variables, including size and enhancement pattern in the arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), transitional phase (TP), delayed phase (DP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP).

Comparative analysis of the performance of hepatobiliary agents in depicting MRI features of microvascular infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To compare the ability to depict MRI features of hepatobiliary agents in microvascular infiltration (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during different stages of dynamic enhancement MRI.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study included 111 HCC lesions scanned with either Gd-EOB-DTPA or Gd-BOPTA. All cases underwent multiphase dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning before surgery, including arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), transitional phase (TP), delayed phase (DP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP).

Clinical Assessment of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Diffuse Glioma: Insights Into Histological Grading and Classification.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic utility of clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing between histological grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase () classification in adult diffuse gliomas.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 247 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse glioma. Experienced radiologists evaluated DWI and MRS images.

Investigating the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic plaque remodelling and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis, a leading cause of stroke, involves arterial plaque formation. This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI).

Aim: To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI.

Melatonin in cancer biology: pathways, derivatives, and the promise of targeted delivery.

Melatonin, historically recognized for its primary role in regulating circadian rhythms, has expanded its influence particularly due to its wide range of biological activities. It has firmly established itself in cancer research. To highlight its versatility, we delved into how melatonin interacts with key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways, which play foundational roles in tumor development and progression.

Low Back Pain in Resident Doctors with Standardized Training in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent occupational disease with high morbidity among healthcare workers. Since the implementation of standardized residency training in China in 2015, the training intensity has significantly increased, which may lead to a higher incidence of LBP. However, epidemiological studies on LBP among resident doctors with standardized training remain scarce.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia involving portal venous system: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 5000 in the general population. It is characterized by vasodilation, which affects specific organs, such as the skin, mucous membranes, brain, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and others. However, HHT rarely involves the portal venous system to cause serious clinical complications.

Distinctive magnetic resonance imaging features in primary central nervous system lymphoma: A case report.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignant tumor originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system. It exhibits unique imaging manifestations due to its biological characteristics.

Case Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed.

Transient partial regression of intracranial germ cell tumor in adult thalamus: A case report.

Background: Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a relatively rare malignancy in clinical practice. Natural regression of this tumor is also uncommon. We describe a rare case of an intracranial GCT in the thalamus of an adult that showed spontaneous regression and recurrence after steroid therapy.

Transfer-Imprinting-Assisted Growth of 2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for Efficient and Stable Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

2D/3D perovskite heterostructures show great potential to boost efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a solvent-free transfer-imprinting-assisted growth (TIAG) method is employed to in situ grow 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions. The solid-state transfer of spacer cation by the TIAG process enables a spatially confined growth of the 2D perovskite interlayer with uniform morphology between the 3D perovskites and charge transport layer.

Research Progress on Amide Proton Transfer Imaging in Preoperative and Postoperative Glioma Assessment.

Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a technique that reflects the level of amide proton transport of hydrogen ions in water to peptides and proteins within the tumour by using magnetic resonance imaging without contrast administration. This technique can more accurately reflect the protein level, pH value, and other relevant information within the tumour. Currently, APT is widely used in glioma research.

Dual-energy spectral detector computed tomography differential diagnosis of adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma: Changes in the energy level curve, a phenomenon caused by lipid components?

Background And Objectives: Pheochromocytoma and adrenal adenoma are common space-occupying lesions of the adrenal gland, and incorrect surgery may lead to adrenal crisis. We used a new method, dual-energy spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT), to differentiate between the two.

Materials And Methods: We analysed the imaging images of patients with SDCT scans and pathologically confirmed adrenal adenomas (n=70) and pheochromocytomas (n=15).

Morphological changes in Parkinson's disease based on magnetic resonance imaging: A mini-review of subcortical structures segmentation and shape analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in clinical symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. The pathophysiological changes in PD are inextricably linked to the subcortical structures. Shape analysis is a method for quantifying the volume or surface morphology of structures using magnetic resonance imaging.

PARP1 recruits DNA translocases to restrain DNA replication and facilitate DNA repair.

Replication fork reversal which restrains DNA replication progression is an important protective mechanism in response to replication stress. PARP1 is recruited to stalled forks to restrain DNA replication. However, PARP1 has no helicase activity, and the mechanism through which PARP1 participates in DNA replication restraint remains unclear.

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China: a national serial cross-sectional study from 2003 to 2018.

Stroke imposes a substantial burden worldwide. With the rapid economic and lifestyle transition in China, trends of the prevalence of stroke across different geographic regions in China remain largely unknown. Capitalizing on the data in the National Health Services Surveys (NHSS), we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China from 2003 to 2018.

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with malignancy: a single-institute case series of eight patients.

Background: The surgical strategy among patients with malignancy and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. In this study, we present the experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with malignancy and analyzed the treatment outcomes.

Methods: From January 2011 to October 2021, eight patients combined with coronary artery disease and malignancy, six of them with three-vessel disease and two with anterior descending branch lesions on coronary angiography.

Computed tomography combined with gastroscopy for assessment of pancreatic segmental portal hypertension.

Background: Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension (PSPH) is the only type of portal hypertension that can be completely cured. However, it can easily cause varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach and hemorrhage in the digestive tract.

Aim: To explore the application of computed tomography (CT) to examine the characteristics of PSPH and assess the risk level.

Differentiation of Meningiomas and Gliomas by Amide Proton Transfer Imaging: A Preliminary Study of Brain Tumour Infiltration.

Background: Gliomas are more malignant and invasive than meningiomas.

Objective: To distinguish meningiomas from low-grade/high-grade gliomas (LGGs/HGGs) using amide proton transfer imaging (APT) combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to explore the application of APT in evaluating brain tumour invasiveness.

Materials And Methods: The imaging data of 50 brain tumors confirmed by pathology in patients who underwent APT scanning in our centre were retrospectively analysed.