Production and application of Paenibacillus polymyxa levan as an antiviral priming agent against cucumber mosaic virus infection in tobacco plants.

This study investigates the application of levan- produced from Paenibacillus polymyxa SG09-12 as an antiviral agent against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). A high-purity microbial levan was produced and purified using diafiltration. The chemical composition, structure, and functional groups of the levan were characterised using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Suction Drain Tip Cultures in Predicting a Surgical Site Infection.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of drain tip culture after spinal surgery with a large number of participants.

Overview Of Literature: The routine culture of suction drain tips that are placed in the surgical site of spinal surgeries has been performed in many institutions to detect surgical site infection (SSI).

Modification of ginsenoside saponin composition via the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase gene in .

Background: The roots of contain two types of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins, namely, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type saponins and protopanaxatiol (PPT)-type saponins. In , the protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase (PPT synthase) enzyme catalyses protopanaxatriol (PPT) production from protopanaxadiol (PPD). In this study, we constructed homozygous mutant lines of ginseng by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the PPT synthase gene and obtained the mutant ginseng root lines having complete depletion of the PPT-type ginsenosides.

Characterization of a Pentacyclic Triterpene Acetyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Taraxasterol and ψ-Taraxasterol Acetates in Lettuce.

Triterpenoids exist in a free state and/or in conjugated states, such as triterpene glycosides (saponins) or triterpene esters. There is no information on the enzyme participating in the production of triterpene esters from free triterpenes. Lettuce () contains various pentacyclic triterpene acetates (taraxasterol acetates, ψ-taraxasterol acetates, taraxerol acetates, lupeol acetates, α-amyrin acetates, β-amyrin acetates, and germanicol acetate).

Identification of triterpenes and functional characterization of oxidosqualene cyclases involved in triterpene biosynthesis in lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a member of the family Asteraceae and is most often used for green salads. Triterpenes are the largest class of natural compounds in plants and have beneficial health effects. Here, we identified various triterpene esters (taraxasterol acetates, ψ-taraxasterol acetates, taraxerol acetates, lupeol acetates, α-amyrin acetates, β-amyrin acetates, and germanicol acetate) and free triterpenes (α-amyrin, β-amyrin, taraxerol, and taraxasterol) in both the leaves and roots of lettuce.

Biorefinery of instant noodle waste to biofuels.

Instant noodle waste, one of the main residues of the modern food industry, was employed as feedstock to convert to valuable biofuels. After isolation of used oil from the instant noodle waste surface, the starch residue was converted to bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35 with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The maximum ethanol concentration and productivity was 61.

Development of glycerol-utilizing Escherichia coli strain for the production of bioethanol.

The production of bioethanol was studied using recombinant Escherichia coli with glycerol as a carbon source. Glycerol is an attractive feedstock for biofuels production since it is generated as a major byproduct in biodiesel industry; therefore, we investigated the conversion of glycerol to bioethanol using E. coli BL21 (DE3) which harbors several genes in ethanol production pathway of Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190.

Production of cephalosporin C using crude glycerol in fed-batch culture of Acremonium chrysogenum M35.

In this study, cephalosporin C production by Acremonium chrysogenum M35 cultured with crude glycerol instead of rice oil and methionine was investigated. The addition of crude glycerol increased cephalosporin C production by 6-fold in shake-flask culture, and also the amount of cysteine. In fed-batch culture without methionine, crude glycerol resulted only in overall improvement in cephalosporin C production (about 700%).

Antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties of chestnut flower extract.

In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties of a variety of solvent extracts of pre-bloom and full-bloom chestnut flowers. Among the solvent extracts, a pre-bloom methanol extract (preM) and an ethanol extract (preE) showed the highest amounts of phenolics (467.92+/-0.

PESTAS: a web server for EST analysis and sequence mining.

Summary: We have developed a web server for the high-throughput annotation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) called pipeline for EST analysis service (PESTAS). PESTAS processes entire datasets with an automated pipeline of 13 analytic services, then deposits the data into the MySQL database and transforms it into three kinds of reports: preprocessing, assembling and annotation. All annotated information is provided to the scientist and can be downloaded through a web browser.

Purification and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme from cultured mycelia of Armillaria mellea.

A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the cultured mycelia of Armillaria mellea by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration, and was designated A. mellea metalloprotease (AMMP). The purification protocol resulted in a 627-fold purification of the enzyme, with a final yield of 6.