Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Cognition and Language in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: To investigate if therapeutic horseback riding (THR) can improve language and cognitive function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID).

Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study on children diagnosed with ASD or ID. Eighteen and 11 children were enrolled for THR and control groups, respectively.

Abnormal spontaneous activities on needle electromyography and their relation with pain behavior and nerve fiber pathology in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation.

Study Design: This longitudinal experimental study was conducted to investigate electrophysiologic characteristics, pain behavior, and histological changes in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation.

Objective: To observe abnormal spontaneous activity (ASA) on needle electromyography (EMG) and to determine its relation with neuropathic pain behavior and histological changes longitudinally in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation.

Summary Of Background Data: Needle EMG is generally performed to determine the existence and the degree of radiculopathy caused by disc herniation.