Melatonin, a potentially effective drug for the treatment of infected bone nonunion.

Osteomyelitis (OM), characterized by heterogeneity and complexity in treatment, has a high risk of infection recurrence which may cause limb disability. Management of chronic inactive osteomyelitis (CIOM) without typical inflammatory symptoms is a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. On the basis of data analysis of 1091 OM cases, we reported that latent osteogenic decline in CIOM patients was the main cause of secondary surgery.

Artificial nerve graft constructed by coculture of activated Schwann cells and human hair keratin for repair of peripheral nerve defects.

Studies have shown that human hair keratin (HHK) has no antigenicity and excellent mechanical properties. Schwann cells, as unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, can be induced by interleukin-1β to secrete nerve growth factor, which promotes neural regeneration. Therefore, HHK with Schwann cells may be a more effective approach to repair nerve defects than HHK without Schwann cells.

Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms Associate With a Decreased Susceptibility to Extremity Osteomyelitis Partly by Inhibiting Macrophage Apoptosis Through Inhibition of Excessive ROS Production VDR-Bmi1 Signaling.

Previous studies had reported that () gene polymorphisms were related to the development of several inflammatory disorders. However, potential links between such variations and the risk of developing a bone infection and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze potential associations between genetic variations and susceptibility to extremity osteomyelitis (OM) in a Chinese Han population and investigate potential mechanisms.

Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variations May Associate with the Risk of Developing Late Fracture-Related Infection in the Chinese Han Population.

Variations in the vitamin D receptor () gene are related to several inflammatory disorders. However, the potential links between such alternations and the risk of developing late fracture-related infection (FRI) remain unclear. This study investigated associations between genetic variations in the and susceptibility to late FRI in the Chinese Han population.

Incidence and risk factors of preoperative deep venous thrombosis following hip fracture: a retrospective analysis of 293 consecutive patients.

Purpose: This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after an acute hip fracture.

Methods: We searched the electronic medical record system at our hospital for patients who received treatment for femoral neck (FN), intertrochanteric (IT), or subtrochanteric (ST) fractures between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. DVT was diagnosed using venous compression ultrasonography.

Interleukin-6 versus Common Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Fracture-Related Infection: Utility and Potential Influencing Factors.

Currently, the utility of white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), for diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI), is still controversial, and potential efficiency of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a novel cytokine in assisted diagnosis of FRI remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the utility and potential influencing factors of IL-6 and the common biomarkers for diagnosing FRI. Preoperative serological levels of IL-6 and the three biomarkers were compared between 407 FRI patients and 195 fracture-healed (FH) patients.

Aspirin alleviates orthopedic implant‑associated infection.

Implant‑associated infection (IAI), a common condition marked by progressive inflammation and bone destruction, is mentally and financially devastating to those it affects, causing severe morbidity, prolonged hospital admissions, significant hospital costs and, in certain cases, mortality. Aspirin, a popular synthetic compound with a history of >100 years, is antipyretic, anti‑inflammatory and analgesic. It is the most active component of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs.

SDF-1/CXCR4 axis coordinates crosstalk between subchondral bone and articular cartilage in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Crosstalk between subchondral bone and articular cartilage is considered a central feature of osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and progression, but its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Meanwhile, specific administration of drugs in subchondral bone is also a great challenge during investigation of the process. We here explore the role of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in the crosstalk between subchondral bone and articular cartilage in OA pathogenesis, using osmotic infusion pumps implanted in tibial subchondral bone directly to ensure quantitative, continuous and steady drug delivery over the entire experiment.

All-trans retinoic acid inhibits type 1 diabetes by T regulatory (Treg)-dependent suppression of interferon-gamma-producing T-cells without affecting Th17 cells.

Objective: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, can regulate immune responses. However, its role in inducing immune tolerance associated with the prevention of islet inflammation and inhibition of type 1 diabetes remains unclear.

Research Design And Methods: We investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential immunoregulatory effect of ATRA on type 1 diabetes using an adoptive transfer animal model of the disease.