Metabolic Signaling as a Driver of T Cell Aging.

Aging significantly diminishes T cell immunity, increasing susceptibility to infections and reducing vaccine efficacy in older individuals. Metabolism plays a key role in T cell function, shaping their energy requirements, activation, and differentiation. Recent studies highlight altered metabolic signaling as a pivotal factor in T cell aging, influencing the ability of T cells to maintain quiescence, respond to activation, and differentiate into functional subsets.

Progress and Perspectives in 2D Piezoelectric Materials for Piezotronics and Piezo-Phototronics.

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has catalyzed significant advancements in the fields of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics, owing to their exceptional mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. This review provides a comprehensive examination of key 2D piezoelectric and piezo-phototronic materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and phosphorene, with an emphasis on their unique advantages and recent research progress. The underlying principles of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics in 2D materials is discussed, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms which enable these phenomena.

A Comparative Analysis of Revision Rates in Surgical Treatments for Lumbar Isthmic Spondylolisthesis.

Study DesignRetrospective Cohort Study.ObjectiveIsthmic spondylolisthesis is frequently encountered in spine surgical practice, though there is a significant variation in surgical management strategies. We sought to evaluate revision rates between patients who underwent anterior-approach lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) alone, posterolateral fusion (PLF) alone, PLIF/TLIF, and ALIF+PSF.

Amelioration of Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis in a Rat Model via Consumption of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid-Enriched Fermented Larvae Using .

Alcoholic hepatic steatosis (AHS) is a common early-stage symptom of liver disease caused by alcohol consumption. Accordingly, several aspects of AHS have been studied as potential preventive and therapeutic targets. In this study, a novel strategy was employed to inhibit fatty liver accumulation and counteract AHS through the consumption of microorganism-fermented larvae (FPBs).

Prediction of Grain Structure and Texture in Twin-Roll Cast Aluminum Alloys Using Cellular Automaton-Finite Element Method.

The twin-roll casting (TRC) process has gained significant attention for aluminum sheet production due to its cost-effectiveness and high processing efficiency. However, controlling the initial grain structure of TRC strips remains challenging due to the absence of a hot rolling stage, necessitating an advanced predictive modeling approach. In this study, a cellular automaton-finite element (CA-FE) model was developed to predict the grain structure and texture of aluminum strips fabricated via TRC.

Development of a PLA Polymer-Based Liquid Filler for Next-Generation Aesthetics.

In regard to both natural aging and photoaging caused by UV radiation, a decrease in skin collagen and elastin fibers results in the loss of soft tissue volume. Biodegradable polymer fillers have been used to overcome this problem, but the slow rate of reconstruction and particle agglomeration has limited this approach. The DMSB01 filler, which consists of poly d-l-lactic acid (PDLLA) with a methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) initiator, was created to address this issue.

Efficacy of Light-Emitting Diode-Mediated Photobiomodulation in Tendon Healing in a Murine Model.

The application of light-emitting diode (LED)-dependent photobiomodulation (PBM) in promoting post-tendon injury healing has been recently reported. Despite establishing a theoretical basis for ligament restoration through PBM, identifying effective LED wavelength combinations and ensuring safety in animal models remain unresolved challenges. In our previous study, we demonstrated that combined irradiation at 630 nm and 880 nm promotes cell proliferation and migration, which are critical processes during the early stage of tendon healing in human-derived tendon fibroblasts.

Anti-Hair Loss Effect of Veratric Acid on Dermal Papilla Cells.

The activation of hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs), a critical target of hair loss relief, can be achieved through the upregulation of proliferation, the stimulation of hair inducibility, and the inhibition of cellular senescence. Veratric acid (VA) is a major benzoic acid found in fruits and vegetables. The biological activity of VA on HFDPCs remains to be elucidated.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract of (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Through Nrf2/HO-1-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Mouse Microglial Cells.

Botanical extracts are recognized in traditional medicine for their therapeutic potential and safety standards. Botanical extracts are viable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic drugs, being essential in drug discovery for various diseases. (Viv.

Consequences of Domestication on Gut Microbiome: A Comparative Analysis Between Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs.

The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the physiological functions and health of animals. Domestic pigs () and wild boars (), which share a common ancestor, present a unique model for exploring the evolutionary changes in gut microbiota due to domestication. Comparing the gut microbiota of these two groups provides a unique opportunity to identify microorganisms that may have been lost or altered during domestication.

Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase as a Complementary Diagnostic Marker for the Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Secondary Osteoporosis.

: With increasing cases of osteoporosis in children and adolescents, the need for timely diagnosis, management, and follow-up has become important. This study aimed to determine whether bone turnover markers (BTMs), particularly serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BsALP) and serum C-telopeptide of collagen type 1 (CTx), accurately reflect BMD. : In this retrospective study, 280 post-puberty males and females who were previously diagnosed with hemato-oncologic, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, and endocrinologic diseases at a single tertiary care center were reviewed.

Predictive Limitations of the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score: A Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Traumas and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

The Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) is used to predict in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients with trauma. However, its applicability to elderly patients with multiple traumas and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the GTOS in elderly patients with multiple traumas and TBI and assess its performance in patients with mild and severe TBI.

Severe Acute Kidney Injury with Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis After Piperacillin/Tazobactam Therapy in a Patient with Peritonitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Piperacillin/tazobactam (PT), a widely utilized broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although the precise mechanism remains uncertain, and most cases of PT-associated AKI are mild, this report describes a rare and severe complication of PT, which manifested as severe AKI with necrotizing glomerulonephritis requiring hemodialysis. A 42-year-old man was transferred to the nephrology clinic due to progressive deterioration of kidney function.

Force Map-Enhanced Segmentation of a Lightweight Model for the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer.

Accurate and efficient segmentation of cervical cells is crucial for the early detection of cervical cancer, enabling timely intervention and treatment. Existing segmentation models face challenges with complex cellular arrangements, such as overlapping cells and indistinct boundaries, and are often computationally intensive, which limits their deployment in resource-constrained settings. In this study, we introduce a lightweight and efficient segmentation model specifically designed for cervical cell analysis.

Comparison of Remimazolam-Based Monitored Anesthesia Care and Inhalation-Based General Anesthesia in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Background/objectives: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is commonly performed in elderly patients and often requires repeated procedures. A high proportion of non-procedural time in TURBT affects operating room utilization, highlighting the need for a safe and efficient anesthesia method. This study aimed to compare remimazolam-based monitored anesthesia care (MAC) guided by analgesia nociception index (ANI) monitoring to inhalation-based general anesthesia (GA) for TURBT, focusing on induction and emergence time (IAET).

A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial of Stopad Versus Tachosil for Hemostasis After Liver Resection.

Background: Hemostatic products are widely used to control bleeding in hepatic resections. Stopad is a pad-type hemostatic agent containing carboxymethyl chitosan and recombinant thrombin-like hemocoagulase.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study of Stopad vs.

Population-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparisons of Repotrectinib Among Patients with NSCLC.

Background: Head-to-head evidence comparing repotrectinib against other approved ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is not currently available. The objective of this study was to indirectly compare progression-free survival (PFS), the objective response rate (ORR), and the duration of response (DoR) for repotrectinib vs. crizotinib and vs.

Estimation of optimal culture conditions for Gedaniella panicellus GPYS21 (Fragilariaceae) as a high-yield bioresource for palmitoleic acid and fucoxanthin production.

Gedaniella panicellus, a marine diatom belonging to the family Fragilariaceae, has not yet been explored for its biotechnological potential. This study aimed to optimize the growth of G. panicellus using response surface methodology and assess its cellular biochemical composition to verify the production of value-added compounds.

Changes in marital and health status as risk factors for a subsequent negative wealth shock: A population-based longitudinal study in the United States, 1995-2020.

Objectives: A negative wealth shock, defined as a loss of ≥75% in equivalized household total wealth over a short period, may cause adverse health outcomes for older adults. The individual-level risk factors for experiencing a negative wealth shock in later adulthood are unclear.

Methods: Data were from 25,072 adults aged ≥55 in the longitudinal, population-based US Health and Retirement Study from 1995 to 2020 (n = 123,651 observations across all study respondents).

Effect of SMS Ward Round Notifications on Inpatient Experience in Acute Medical Settings: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Ward rounds are an essential component of inpatient care. Patient participation in rounds is increasingly encouraged, despite the occasional complicated circumstances, especially in acute care settings.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of real-time ward round notifications using SMS text messaging on the satisfaction of inpatients in an acute medical ward.

Efficacy of Combined CD38 and PD1 Inhibition with Isatuximab and Cemiplimab for Relapsed/Refractory NK/T-Cell Lymphoma.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combining cemiplimab, an anti-PD1 antibody, with isatuximab, an anti-CD38 antibody, in relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL). The hypothesis was that CD38 blockade could enhance the antitumor activity of PD1 inhibitors. Eligible patients received cemiplimab (250 mg on days 1 and 15) and isatuximab (10 mg/kg on days 2 and 16) intravenously every four weeks for six cycles.

Invisible disabilities and health among U.S. postsecondary students.

: The current study compares the health behaviors and outcomes of students with three types of invisible disabilities-autism, ADHD or learning disabilities, and mental health conditions-to neurotypical students. Gender differences are also examined. : Undergraduate college students ( = 2,822) at ten postsecondary institutions in Indiana.

Connecting Underrepresented Medical Students to Resources and Role Models in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Virtual Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility Summit.

Introduction: Limited access to resources and stereotypes about orthopaedic surgeons may contribute to the low percentage of women and people of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) backgrounds in orthopaedic surgery. Several organizations have created resources to address these barriers, but medical students are unlikely to be exposed to the initiatives through traditional curricula. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the ability of a 1-day virtual Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) summit to effectively reach URiM medical students, (2) increase medical students' knowledge of DEIA resources, and (3) augment the perception of diverse backgrounds in orthopaedic surgery.

A Neuroimmune-Oncology Microphysiological Analysis Platform (NEO-MAP) for Evaluating Astrocytic Scar Formation and Microgliosis in Glioblastoma Microenvironment.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, characterized by its heterogeneity in cellular components, including reactive astrocytes and microglia. Since neuroimmune responses like astrogliosis and microgliosis gain recognition as vital factors in brain tumor progression, there is a growing need for clinically relevant models that assess the interactions between astrocytes, microglia, and GBM. Here, a NEuroimmune-Oncology Microphysiological Analysis Platform (NEO-MAP) is presented as a "new map" to observe astrocytic scar formation and microgliosis in response to GBM.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus presenting as a nonhealing ulcer in an African American woman: A case report.

Objective: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the skin.

Methods: In this report, we describe the case of an African American woman with CLE who had an ulcer on her posterior thigh. Despite this, initial biopsy specimen of the lesion revealed no evidence of CLE until a repeat biopsy 5 months later.