Fine-Tuning Intra/Inter-Molecular Interaction via Ternary Copolymerization Strategy to Obtain Efficient Polymer Donors.

Incorporating a third component through ternary copolymerization strategy has proven to be a promising and effective approach for further improving the device performance of polymer donors. However, terpolymer donors typically exhibit negative effects on molecular stacking and weaken charge transport due to the irregular distribution of the polymer skeleton. Herein, two terpolymers PBBQ-5 (5% ff-Qx) and PBBQ-10 (10% ff-Qx) are developed by introducing the difluoro-2-(3-hexyldecyloxy) quinoxaline (ff-Qx) to the main chain of PM6.

Fine-Modulation of Perovskite Ion-Additive Binding Interaction Using Multidentate Ligation for High Performance Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Research on perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has primarily focused on modulating crystal growth to achieve smaller grain sizes and defect passivation using organic additives. However, challenges remain in controlling the intermolecular interactions between these organic additives and perovskite precursor ions for precise modulation of crystal growth. In this study, we synthesize two triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO)-based multidentate additives: bidentate hexane-1,6-diyl-bis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine oxide) (2-TPPO) and tetradentate pentaerythrityl-tetrakis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine oxide) (4-TPPO).

Developing a Fluorinated Benzothiadiazole-Based Polymer Donor as Guest to Construct High-Performance Ternary Solar Cells.

Benzothiadiazole (BT) has shown promising applications in fullerene solar cells. However, few BT-based polymer donors exhibited a noticeable power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the fused-ring small molecular acceptor-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we developed a D-A (D: donor, A: acceptor) polymer donor F-1 based on fluorinated BT (ffBT) as A unit and chlorinated benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene (BDT-2Cl) as D unit.

Longitudinal anemia status and risk for adverse outcomes in former smokers with COPD.

Background: Anemia is a prevalent comorbidity in COPD associated with increased morbidity. However, the significance of longitudinal anemia status and variation in anemia status trends over time in COPD are not known. Furthermore, individuals with COPD and smoking history often have multiple comorbidities, in particular cardiovascular disease.

Partitioning of a 2-bit hash function across 66 communicating cells.

Powerful distributed computing can be achieved by communicating cells that individually perform simple operations. Here, we report design software to divide a large genetic circuit across cells as well as the genetic parts to implement the subcircuits in their genomes. These tools were demonstrated using a 2-bit version of the MD5 hashing algorithm, which is an early predecessor to the cryptographic functions underlying cryptocurrency.

Acellular Dermal Matrix without Basement Membrane in Immediate Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has become popular in various reconstructive procedures of different anatomic regions. There are different needs depending on the clinical application, including breast, abdominal wall, and any other soft-tissue reconstruction. Removal of the basement membrane, which consists of collagen fibers, may help achieve natural and soft breast reconstruction, which requires highly elastic ADMs.

Non-Fused Star-Shape Giant Trimer Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19 .

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on giant molecular acceptors (GMAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operation stability. However, the large conjugated plane of GMAs poses great challenges in regulating the solubility, over-size aggregation and yield, which in turn further constrains their development in commercial products. Herein, we employ a non-fused skeleton strategy to develop novel non-fused star-shape trimers (3BTT6F and 3BTT6Cl) for improving device performance.

The Effect of Organic Semiconductor Electron Affinity on Preventing Parasitic Oxidation Reactions Limiting Performance of n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

A key challenge in the development of organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials (OMIEC) for high performance electrochemical transistors is their stable performance in ambient. When operating in aqueous electrolyte, potential reactions of the electrochemically injected electrons with air and water could hinder their persistence, leading to a reduction in charge transport. Here, the impact of deepening the LUMO energy level of a series of electron-transporting semiconducting polymers is evaluated, and subsequently rendering the most common oxidation processes of electron polarons thermodynamically unfavorable, on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) performance.

A Polymeric Two-in-One Electron Transport Layer and Transparent Electrode for Efficient Indoor All-Organic Solar Cells.

Transparent electrodes (TEs) are vital in optoelectronic devices, enabling the interaction of light and charges. While indium tin oxide (ITO) has traditionally served as a benchmark TE, its high cost prompts the exploration of alternatives to optimize electrode characteristics and improve device efficiencies. Conducting polymers, which combine polymer advantages with metal-like conductivity, emerge as a promising solution for TEs.

Polymer Hosts Containing Carbazole-Dibenzothiophene-Based Pendants for Application in High-Performance Solution-Processed TADF-OLEDs.

The film-forming capability of the host plays a crucial role in effectively forming a light-emitting layer through a solution process in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, we synthesized two side-chain polymer hosts, and , consisting of carbazole and dibenzothiophene. The synthesis was carried out through radical polymerization using styrene-based host monomers.

Approaching 20% Efficiency in Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells by a Benzo[a]phenazine-Core-Based 3D Network Acceptor with Large Electronic Coupling and Long Exciton Diffusion Length.

High-performance organic solar cells often rely on halogen-containing solvents, which restrict the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient organic photovoltaic materials compatible with halogen-free solvents. Herein, a series of benzo[a]phenazine (BP)-core-based small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) achieved through an isomerization chlorination strategy is presented, comprising unchlorinated NA1, 10-chlorine substituted NA2, 8-chlorine substituted NA3, and 7-chlorine substituted NA4.

Over 18.2% efficiency of layer-by-layer all-polymer solar cells enabled by homoleptic iridium(III) carbene complex as solid additive.

The vertical phase distribution of active layers plays a vital role in balancing exciton dissociation and charge transport for achieving efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). The layer-by-layer (LbL) PSCs are commonly prepared by using sequential spin-coating method from donor and acceptor solutions with distinct solvents and solvent additives. The enhanced exciton dissociation is expected in the LbL PSCs with efficient charge transport in the relatively neat donor or acceptor layers.

Design and Performance of Small-Molecule Donors with Donor-π-Acceptor Architecture Toward Vacuum-Deposited Organic Photovoltaics Having Heretofore Highest Short-Circuit Current Density.

The development of high-performance organic photovoltaic materials is of crucial importance for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two structurally simple donor-π-conjugated linker-acceptor (D-π-A)-configured small-molecule donors with methyl-substituted triphenylamine as D unit, 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone as A unit, and thiophene or furan as π-conjugated linker, named DTICPT and DTICPF, are developed. DTICPT and DTICPF are facilely prepared via a two-step synthetic process with simple procedures.

Vertically Phase Separated Photomultiplication Organic Photodetectors with p-n Heterojunction Type Ultrafast Dynamic Characteristics.

Photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs), which typically form a homogeneous distribution (HD) of n-type dopants in a p-type polymer host (HD PM-type OPDs), have achieved a breakthrough in device responsivity by surpassing a theoretical limit of external quantum efficiency (EQE). However, they face limitations in higher dark current and slower dynamic characteristics compared to p-n heterojunction (p-n HJ) OPDs due to inherent long lifetime of trapped electrons. To overcome this, a new PM-type OPD is developed that demonstrates ultrafast dynamic properties through a vertical phase separation (VPS) strategy between the p-type polymer and n-type acceptor, referred to as VPS PM-type OPDs.

High-Performance n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics with Exceptional Conductivity by Polymer-Dopant Matching.

Achieving high electrical conductivity (σ) and power factor (PF) simultaneously remains a significant challenge for n-type organic themoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art OTEs performance through blending a fused bithiophene imide dimer-based polymer f-BTI2g-SVSCN and its selenophene-substituted analogue f-BSeI2g-SVSCN with a julolidine-functionalized benzimidazoline n-dopant JLBI, vis-à-vis when blended with commercially available n-dopants TAM and N-DMBI. The advantages of introducing a more lipophilic julolidine group into the dopant structure of JLBI are evidenced by the enhanced OTEs performance that JLBI-doped films show when compared to those doped with N-DMBI or TAM.

Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells with the Highly Crystalline Third Component as a Morphology Regulator.

The morphology of the active layer is crucial for highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), which can be regulated by selecting a rational third component. In this work, the highly crystalline nonfullerene acceptor BTP-eC9 is selected as the morphology regulator in OSCs with PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl as the main system. The addition of BTP-eC9 can prolong the nucleation and crystallization progress of acceptor and donor molecules, thereby enhancing the order of molecular arrangement.

Dual-Band Photomultiplication-Type Organic Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratios.

A series of dual-band photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs) were fabricated by employing a donor(s)/acceptor (100:1, wt/wt) mixed layer and an ultrathin Y6 layer as the active layers, as well as by using PNDIT-F3N as an interfacial layer near the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The dual-band PM-type OPDs exhibit the response range of 330-650 nm under forward bias and the response range of 650-850 nm under reverse bias. The tunable spectral response range of dual-band PM-type OPDs under forward or reverse bias can be explained well from the trapped electron distribution near the electrodes.

Donor-Acceptor Copolymer with a Linear Backbone Induced Ordered and Robust Doping Morphology for Efficient and Stable Organic Electrochemical Devices.

Donor (D)-acceptor (A) copolymer-based organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) exhibit intrinsic environmental stability for they have tailored energy levels. However, their figure-of-merit (*) is still falling behind the D-D polymers because of morphology deterioration during the electrochemical doping process. Herein, we developed two D-A copolymers with precisely regulated backbone curvature, namely PTBT-P and PTTBT-P.

A Highly Conductive -Type Conjugated Polymer Synthesized in Water.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a benchmark hole-transporting (-type) polymer that finds applications in diverse electronic devices. Most of its success is due to its facile synthesis in water, exceptional processability from aqueous solutions, and outstanding electrical performance in ambient. Applications in fields like (opto-)electronics, bioelectronics, and energy harvesting/storage devices often necessitate the complementary use of both -type and -type (electron-transporting) materials.