Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats.

Background: Axon development plays a pivotal role in the formation of synapse, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin sheath. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced by microglia may cause myelination disturbances through suppression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation in the septic neonatal rats. Here, we explored if a microglia-derived IL-1β would disturb axon development in the corpus callosum (CC) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and if so, whether it is associated with disorder of synapse formation in the cerebral cortex and node of Ranvier.

Hypertonic saline attenuates expression of Notch signaling and proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia and hypoxic BV-2 microglia.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a major disease that threatens human health in ageing population. Increasing evidence has shown that neuroinflammatory mediators play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia injury. Notch signaling is recognized as the cell fate signaling but recent evidence indicates that it may be involved in the inflammatory response in activated microglia in cerebral ischemia.

Rapamycin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and is responsible for the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Inflammation occurs in the brains of patients with AD, and is critical for disease progression. In the present study, the effects of rapamycin (RAPA) on neuroinflammation lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced were investigated.

Prognostic value of ICU-acquired hypernatremia in patients with neurological dysfunction.

Many studies have indicated that hypernatremia is associated with increased mortality. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired hypernatremia and the prognosis of critically neurological patients.Based on serum sodium level in the ICU, 450 patients were divided into 3 groups: 222 had normal serum sodium, 142 had mild hypernatremia, and 86 had severe hypernatremia.

[Effect of axonal developmental disorders in the corpus callosum on the neurological function after birth in septic neonatal rats].

Objective: To observe the axonal development in the corpus callosum of septic neonatal rats, and its effect on the neurological function after birth.

Methods: Forty-eight 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and sepsis group, with 24 rats in each group. The rat model of sepsis was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the rats in control group were injected with an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Huperzine A protects sepsis associated encephalopathy by promoting the deficient cholinergic nervous function.

Neuroinflammatory deregulation in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE). Given the mounting evidence of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the cholinergic nervous system, it is surprising that there is little information about its changes in the brain during sepsis. To elucidate the role of the cholinergic nervous system in SAE, hippocampal choline acetyltransferase, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-1, acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine were evaluated in LPS-induced sepsis rats.

[Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involves in the neuroprotective effect of huperzine A on sepsis-associated encephalopathy].

Objective: To explore whether the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A (HupA) on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) by observing the effect of HupA on the expressions of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) and cholinergic muscarinic receptor M1 (CHRM1) of sepsis rats.

Methods: Fifty-four male Wistar rats, 8 weeks old, were divided into three experimental groups according to random number table:control group,sepsis group, and HupA group, with 18 rats in each group. The rat model of sepsis was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS,1 mL),and the rats in control group were given the same volume of normal saline.

[Microbial characteristics in culture-positive sepsis and risk factors of polymicrobial infection in ICU].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogenic microorganisms in culture-positive sepsis, to identify its risk factors, and evaluate the prognosis on polymicrobial infection in intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted. Clinical data of patients aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed as culture-positive sepsis, and admitted to six ICUs of Guangdong General Hospital from October 12th, 2012 to December 1st, 2014 were enrolled.

IL-1β induces hypomyelination in the periventricular white matter through inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation via FYN/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in septic neonatal rats.

Neuroinflammation elicited by microglia plays a key role in periventricular white matter (PWM) damage (PWMD) induced by infectious exposure. This study aimed to determine if microglia-derived interleukin-1β (IL-1β) would induce hypomyelination through suppression of maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the developing PWM. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, following which upregulated expression of IL-1β and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1 ) was observed.

Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for the treatment of severe infectious diseases: an updated meta-analysis of RCTs.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in comparison with other antimicrobial treatments for infectious diseases.

Design: Databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched through Feb. 2015.

Validation of the use of B-type natriuretic peptide point-of-care test platform in preliminary recognition of cardioembolic stroke patients in the ED.

Aim: The aim of the study is to validate of the use of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) point-of-care test platform in preliminary recognition of cardioembolic stroke patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: In our ED, emergency physicians prospectively assessed consecutive adult patients with acute phase of ischemic stroke and measured plasma BNP by point-of-care test platform on admission. The included patients with plasma BNP concentration more than 66.