High Paip1 Expression as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Translation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. Paip1 and eIF4A1 are translation-associated proteins that mediate the function of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the expression status of Paip1 and eIF4A1 and clinicopathologic features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Clinicopathological features and diagnostic methods of ALK fusion‑positive non‑small cell lung cancer in Korea.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality in Korea. A significant amount of effort has been put into the development of new and more effective treatments and biological markers for the prediction of therapeutic responses, which has led to the identification of various genetic changes in cancer, that are the so‑called 'growth drivers' of carcinogenesis. Certain genetic alterations have become new treatment targets, and it has been suggested that different mutations are associated with different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.

Expression of female sex hormone receptors and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung exhibits different clinicopathological characteristics in men and women. Recent studies have suggested that these differences originate from the expression of female sex hormone receptors in tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of female sex hormone receptors in lung ADC and determine the expression patterns in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics.

High expression of DEK is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

DEK is an oncogene that has been identified as part of the DEK-CAN fusion gene. DEK plays a role in carcinogenesis through WNT signaling and induces cell proliferation through cyclin-dependent kinase signaling. DEK overexpression has been reported in HCC, but the clinical significance is unclear.

Current Cytology Practices in Korea: A Nationwide Survey by the Korean Society for Cytopathology.

Background: Limited data are available on the current status of cytology practices in Korea. This nationwide study presents Korean cytology statistics from 2015.

Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted in 2016 as a part of the mandatory quality-control program by the Korean Society for Cytopathology.

Expression and prognostic significance of programmed death protein 1 and programmed death ligand-1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of death worldwide. In this study, we assessed the correlation between clinicopathologic factors with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4) expressions. Furthermore, we analyzed the prognostic significance of these proteins in a subgroup of patients.

Cervical small cell neuroendocrine tumor mutation profiles via whole exome sequencing.

Cervical small cell neuroendocrine tumors (CSCNETs) are rare, aggressive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Reliable diagnostic and prognostic CSCNET markers are lacking, making diagnosis and prognosis prediction difficult, and treatment strategies limited. Here we provide mutation profiles for five tumor-normal paired CSCNETs using whole exome sequencing (WES).

Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma is a poor prognostic factor in a high CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes group.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. In this study, we conducted immunohistochemical studies for PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD8 using tissue microarrays from 464 gastric cancer samples and evaluated the correlations between their expression, clinicopathologic factors, and five-year overall survival. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression was significantly correlated with several adverse prognostic pathologic factors, including higher T-stage, diffuse Lauren histologic type, and lymphatic invasion.

A Rare Case of Recurrent Metastatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas.

A 61-year-old woman visited our hospital for bilateral multiple lung nodules and a mass in her thorax. She had a long history of multiple metastatic recurrences of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN); 24 years previously, the patient had undergone pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for a 9.9 × 8.

Sclerosing Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Lung: A Case Report with Cytologic Findings.

Benign perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm, a sclerosing variant of which is even rarer. We present a case of 51-year-old man who was diagnosed with benign sclerosing PEComa by percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy. The aspirate revealed a few cell clusters composed of bland-looking polygonal or spindle cells with fine granular or clear cytoplasm.

Analysis of Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Korean Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Summary of a Nationwide Survey.

Background: Analysis of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) is important for predicting response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The overall rate of EGFR mutations in Korean patients is variable. To obtain comprehensive data on the status of EGFR mutations in Korean patients with lung cancer, the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists initiated a nationwide survey.

Genomic Copy Number Signatures Uncovered a Genetically Distinct Group from Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) have different clinical presentations, morphologies, treatments, and prognoses. Recent studies suggested that fundamental genetic alterations related to carcinogenesis of each tumor type may be different. In this study, we investigated the genomic alterations of 47 primary NSCLC samples (22 ACs and 25 SCCs) as well as the corresponding normal tissue using array comparative genomic hybridization.

Tumor sprouting in papillary thyroid carcinoma is correlated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence.

Background: Identification of poor prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is important for the patients' care and follow-up. We can sometimes see small tumor clusters without desmoplasia and no evidence of lymphatic emboli around the main tumor mass of PTC. We termed this form of tumor clustering, 'tumor sprouting,' and determined whether these tumors correlate with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence.

The effect of adipose stem cell therapy on pulmonary fibrosis induced by repetitive intratracheal bleomycin in mice.

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are detectable in the parenchyma and large airways of lungs after systemic administration, and ameliorate inflammatory infiltration and cell death in animal models of emphysema. We evaluated whether ASC treatment could attenuate lung fibrosis induced by repetitive intratracheal bleomycin administration. Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice (control group, bleomycin-only group, and bleomycin-plus-ASC group) were used.

Predictive efficacy of low burden EGFR mutation detected by next-generation sequencing on response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Direct sequencing remains the most widely used method for the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung cancer; however, its relatively low sensitivity limits its clinical use. The objective of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of detecting an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation from peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamp and Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) techniques compared to that by direct sequencing. Furthermore, the predictive efficacy of EGFR mutations detected by PNA-LNA PCR clamp was evaluated.

SIRT1 Expression Is Associated with Good Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, might act as a tumor promoter by inhibiting p53, but may also as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting several oncogenes such as β-catenin and survivin. Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is known as a negative regulator of SIRT1.

Methods: Immunohistochemical expressions of SIRT1, DBC1, β-catenin, surviving, and p53 were evaluated using 2 mm tumor cores from 349 colorectal cancer patients for tissue microarray.

Expression of moesin and CD44 is associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Aims: CD44 has been reported as a negative prognostic marker in gastric cancer. It interacts with moesin in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To date, to our knowledge, there has been no clinical study dealing with the relationship between moesin and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 70 expression in early gastric carcinoma.

Background: Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been observed in many types of cancer including gastric adenocarcinomas, although the exact role of HSP70 in carcinogenesis remains unclear.

Methods: The study analyzed a total of 458 radical gastrectomy specimens which were immunohistochemically stained with HSP70, p53, and Ki-67 antibodies.

Results: The study determined that the expression of HSP70 was significantly increased in early gastric cancer (EGC) compared to advanced gastric cancer (p<0.

Stability of DNA, RNA, cytomorphology, and immunoantigenicity in Residual ThinPrep Specimens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of residual liquid-based preparation (LBP) sample after cytopathologic diagnosis. Cervical swab, body fluid, and thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples preserved in ThinPrep PreservCyt solution were tested. Samples kept frozen at -80 °C and stored at room temperature were tested 12 months after the initial sample collection.

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 is a specific protein related to nodal metastasis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Metastasis is a major cause of cancer recurrence or death. This study attempted to quantitatively identify different proteins in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. The N/T quotient [number of metastatic lymph nodes (n)/tumor diameter (cm)] was used to select samples with an extreme metastatic phenotype.