Intracrine androgen biosynthesis in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal genitourinary cancers. The presence of androgen receptor (AR) in RCC has recently been shown to be associated with higher tumour stage irrespective of gender. Because the clinical context of androgens in female RCC patients is similar to that of prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy, mechanisms underlying the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) may be at play in AR-positive RCC cells.

Prognostic Factors for Recurrence and Progression in Korean Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients: A Retrospective, Multi-Institutional Study.

Purpose: To identify the prognostic factors related to tumor recurrence and progression in Korean patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials And Methods: Data were collected and analyzed for 2412 NMIBC patients from 15 centers who were initially diagnosed after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from January 2006 to December 2010. Using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, the prognostic value of each variable was evaluated for the time to first recurrence and progression.

Malignant renal cysts: diagnostic performance and strong predictors at MDCT.

Background: Utilization of multidetector-row CT (MDCT) is anticipated to improve the diagnostic accuracy and reliability for determining malignant cysts.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, interobserver agreement, benefit of consensus reading, and strong predictors of malignancy in determining malignant cystic renal masses at MDCT.

Material And Methods: Two radiologists independently rated the probability of malignancy at MDCT in 72 benign and 53 malignant cysts.

Histologic type, staging, and distribution of germ cell tumors in Korean adults.

Objectives: To investigate the presentation of germ cell tumors (GCT) in terms of histology and stage, to better clarify the epidemiology of this disease in eastern Asia.

Methods: Six hundred ninety-eight patients diagnosed with GCT between 1995 and 2004 were analyzed. Clinical parameters at the time of initial diagnosis were classified in terms of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, nodes, metastasis staging (TNMS) system, the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Classification (IGCCC), for high-risk stage I nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT) of testis.

Loss of expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II in human prostate cancer cells.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and signal through a number of membrane receptors. We have previously demonstrated that the loss of expression of BMP receptors (BMPRs) type IA, -IB, and -II (BMP-RIA, -RIB, and -RII) correlates with Gleason score in prostate cancer patients. To evaluate the prognostic value of this observation, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of BMPRs in association with disease progression in 60 patients.

Bladder cancer: analysis of multi-detector row helical CT enhancement pattern and accuracy in tumor detection and perivesical staging.

Purpose: To evaluate the enhancement pattern of bladder cancer and the accuracy of multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT) in the detection and staging of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: In 20 patients, the attenuation value of bladder cancer was measured on dynamic contrast material-enhanced multiphasic CT images obtained with scanning delays of 40, 60, 80, and 100 seconds. In 67 patients, CT data were obtained with a 60-second scanning delay that covered the bladder (section thickness, 2.

Living donor kidneys: usefulness of multi-detector row CT for comprehensive evaluation.

Purpose: To evaluate in living renal donors the usefulness of multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of renal vasculature and the upper urinary tract.

Materials And Methods: Four-channel multi-detector row CT scans were obtained in 77 patients. Vascular phase scans were used for CT angiography; excretory phase scans, for CT urography.

Virtual cystoscopy of the contrast material-filled bladder in patients with gross hematuria.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of virtual cystoscopy of the contrast material-filled bladder in evaluating patients with gross hematuria.

Subjects And Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients who had gross hematuria and whose upper urinary tracts had a normal appearance on single-detector helical CT scans were prospectively evaluated with virtual cystoscopy. Source CT data for virtual cystoscopy were obtained on a multidetector CT scanner with 1.

Differentiation of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma on helical CT scans.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to differentiate subtypes of renal cell carcinoma on helical CT scans.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed CT scans of four subtypes of renal cell carcinoma: 76 conventional (clear cell), 19 papillary, 13 chromophobe, and two collecting duct. Biphasic CT scans (unenhanced, corticomedullary, and excretory phase scans) were obtained in 61 patients, and monophasic CT scans (unenhanced and excretory phase scans) in 49.