Goat Production, Supply Chains, Challenges, and Opportunities for Development in Vietnam: A Review.

The current situation of goat production and supply chains in Vietnam, along with its difficulties and possibilities, is presented in this review paper. The data and reports of government agencies, scientific journals, and websites were analysed in order to determine the prevailing situation in goat production and marketing. Goats are mainly raised on small-scale farms (73.

Engineering the metabolism and morphology of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei for efficient L-malic acid production.

L-malic acid (MA) is a vital platform chemical with huge market demand because of its broad industrial applications. A cell factory for MA production was engineered by strengthening the intrinsic pathway without inserting foreign genes into Trichoderma reesei. The native MA transporter gene in the T.

Comparison of the laxative effects of Korean containing different microbiota on loperamide-induced constipation in ICR mice.

The prevalence of constipation, one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, has been gradually increasing. , a traditional Korean fermented paste, has various microbiota and exerts diverse health beneficial effects. However, the ameliorative effect of on constipation is unexplored.

Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses.

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood. However, it remains unclear how most of these advances improve the capacity to reduce the impact of seasonal influenza viruses on human health.

Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and protective role of peroxiredoxin 6 protein via EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in RPE cells.

Introduction: Damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells caused by oxidative stress is closely related to the pathogenesis of several blinding retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and other inherited retinal degenerative conditions. However, the mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative damage and protective role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) protein via EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in RPE cells.

The rapid access eye clinic's playbook: how to cut eye casualty attendance by 50.

Background: Moorfields Eye Unit at the London Borough of Croydon sees over 47,000 outpatient attendances each year, 5894 of which attended the eye walk-in Urgent Care in the 2017- 2018 year, which has become unsustainable.

Methods: A recent audit found that referrers and patients had limited experience in managing ophthalmic conditions. If triaged according to clinical need only 22% patients attended required same-day hospital eye care.

High-aspect-ratio three-dimensional polymer and metallic microstructure microfabrication using two-photon polymerization.

Creating micrometer-resolution high-aspect-ratio three-dimensional (3D) structures remain very challenging despite significant microfabrication methods developed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This is especially the case when such structures are desired to be metallic to support electronic applications. Here, we present a microfabrication process that combines two-photon-polymerization (2PP) printing to create a polymeric high-aspect-ratio three-dimensional structure and electroless metal plating that selectively electroplates only the polymeric structure to create high-aspect-ratio 3D metallic structures having micrometer-resolution.

Extracting Quantitative Ultrasonic Parameters from the Backscatter Coefficient.

The ultrasonic backscatter coefficient (BSC) is a fundamental quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameter that contains rich information about the underlying tissue. Deriving parameters from the BSC is essential for fully utilizing the information contained in BSC for tissue characterization. In this chapter, we review two primary approaches for extracting parameters from the BSC versus frequency curve: the model-based approach and the model-free approach, focusing on the model-based approach, where a scattering model is fit to the observed BSC to yield model parameters.

Atomization-Induced High Intrinsic Activity of a Biocompatible MgAl-LDH Supported Ru Single-Atom Nanozyme for Efficient Radicals Scavenging.

Developing efficient nanozymes to mimic natural enzymes for scavenging reactive radicals remains a significant challenge owing to the insufficient activity of conventional nanozymes. Herein, we report a novel Ru single-atom nanozyme (SAE), featuring atomically dispersed Ru atoms on a biocompatible MgAl-layered double hydroxide (Ru /LDH). The prepared Ru /LDH SAE shows high intrinsic peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activity, which outperforms the Ru nanoclusters (NCs) nanozyme by a factor of 20 and surpasses most SAEs.

Correlations between Social Determinants of Health and Technology Access among Rural African American Alabamians.

Certain populations have been excluded from the benefits of telehealth and the recent advances and widespread use of technology in health promotion due to limited technology access. Although research has identified these specific groups, none has explored these issues using the social determinants of health (SDH) framework. This exploratory study aimed 1) to investigate technology access and 2) to identify associated SDHs.

E-commerce development and its contribution to agricultural non-point source pollution control: Evidence from 283 cities in China.

Agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution is a pressing environmental issue in developing countries that poses a substantial threat to sustainable development. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and its great penetration and transformation in many socioeconomic sectors, e-commerce plus agriculture is widely regarded as the solution to sustainable agricultural development. However, the environmental impacts of e-commerce on agriculture, as well as the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully explored and verified.

Gluten induces rapid reprogramming of natural memory αβ and γδ intraepithelial T cells to induce cytotoxicity in celiac disease.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease in which intestinal inflammation is induced by dietary gluten. The means through which gluten-specific CD4 T cell activation culminates in intraepithelial T cell (T-IEL)-mediated intestinal damage remain unclear. Here, we performed multiplexed single-cell analysis of intestinal and gluten-induced peripheral blood T cells from patients in different CD states and healthy controls.

Current status of sinonasal cancer survivorship care.

Sinonasal cancer is a heterogeneous orphan disease of diverse histologies, each with distinct clinical, oncologic, and toxicity profiles. Because of the comparative rarity of these cancers, sinonasal cancers are treated as a grouped diagnosis despite their clinical and biological heterogeneity. Multimodality treatment with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy is the standard-of-care for advanced-stage patients but there are few surveillance or follow-up practice guidelines or formalized survivorship care pathways.

Effects of extracellular vesicles derived from steroids-primed oviductal epithelial cells on porcine in vitro embryonic development.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an active role in regulating different physiological events, however, endocrine control of EVs cargo contents remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to isolate EVs from the porcine oviductal epithelial cells (POECs) that were primed with steroid hormones including estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), mimicking the in vivo conditions of the reproductive cycle and studied their effects on in vitro produced embryonic development. For this purpose, POECs were treated either with 0 concentration (control) or two different combinations of E and P including 50 pg/mL E + 0.

Universum-Inspired Supervised Contrastive Learning.

As an effective data augmentation method, Mixup synthesizes an extra amount of samples through linear interpolations. Despite its theoretical dependency on data properties, Mixup reportedly performs well as a regularizer and calibrator contributing reliable robustness and generalization to deep model training. In this paper, inspired by Universum Learning which uses out-of-class samples to assist the target tasks, we investigate Mixup from a largely under-explored perspective - the potential to generate in-domain samples that belong to none of the target classes, that is, universum.

Double Inferior Vena Cava with Major Predominance of the Left Inferior Vena Cava: A Cadaver Case Report.

We encountered a case of a double inferior vena cava with major predominance of the left inferior vena cava during an anatomical dissection course for medical students in 2015. The right inferior vena cava (normal inferior vena cava) was 2.0 mm wide, and the left inferior vena cava was 23.

Effects of Self-Compassion Interventions on Reducing Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: A growing body of evidence shows self-compassion can play a key role in alleviating depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress in various populations. Interventions fostering self-compassion have recently received increased attention. This meta-analysis aimed to identify studies that measured effects of self-compassion focused interventions on reducing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress.

Mutual information networks reveal evolutionary relationships within the influenza A virus polymerase.

The influenza A virus (IAV) RNA polymerase is an essential driver of IAV evolution. Mutations that the polymerase introduces into viral genome segments during replication are the ultimate source of genetic variation, including within the three subunits of the IAV polymerase (polymerase basic protein 2, polymerase basic protein 1, and polymerase acidic protein). Evolutionary analysis of the IAV polymerase is complicated, because changes in mutation rate, replication speed, and drug resistance involve epistatic interactions among its subunits.

FLT4 as a marker for predicting prognostic risk of refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Treating patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging. Currently there is no effective treatment for refractory AML. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that refractory/relapsed AML is associated with leukemic blasts which can confer resistance to anticancer drugs.

Does American Society of Anesthesiologist classification effect hospital course and postoperative complications following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures?

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the duration of operative time and outcomes related to patients with an increased American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification in the setting of hospital-based maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Study Design: The study was a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to enroll patients who underwent maxillofacial procedures between 2012 and 2019. The primary independent variable was ASA Physical Status Classification (I, II, III, IV).

Just TRAC it! Transitioning Responsibly to Adult Care Using Smart Phone Technology.

Purpose: There is little evidence on whether smartphone technology influences transition readiness among adolescents with heart disease. Just TRAC it! is a method of using existing smartphone features (Notes, Calendar, Contacts, Camera) to manage personal health. We evaluated the impact of Just TRAC it! on self-management skills.

Evaluation of Body Changes and the Anti-Obesity Effect after Consumption of Korean Fermented Food, Cheonggukjang: Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Cheonggukjang is a traditional Korean fermented soybean food with potential health benefits. For this reason, Cheonggukjang is consumed in the form of pills in addition to being used as a food ingredient. There are few clinical studies that have evaluated changes in various health indicators through blood and stool tests before and after consumption of Cheonggukjang.