Bupivacaine vs. Pethidine in Spinal Anesthesia of Old Patients: Haemodynamic Changes and Complications.

Objective: Organ changes during the aging are one of the signifi cant events in old patients. rthopedic surgeries are common operations in these patients that accompany with hemodynamic changes as blood pressure decrease, heart rate, and respiratory rate change. On the other hand, pain management of the ancient patients due to negative consequences as tachycardia, blood pressure increase, and myocardial ischemia is vital.