Investigating the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine decision-making among parents of children aged 5-11 in the UK.

Background: The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the pivotal role of vaccination in public health, particularly considering emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 variants. While priority has been given to immunising vulnerable populations, children remain a significant unvaccinated group, prompting NHS England to include them in their new vaccination strategy. The role parents play in child healthcare decisions, specifically regarding COVID-19 vaccination, is crucial, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a framework for understanding parental vaccination behaviour.

Mutations, substitutions, and selection: Linking mutagenic processes to cancer using evolutionary theory.

Cancers are the product of evolutionary events, where molecular variation occurs and accumulates in tissues and tumors. Sequencing of this molecular variation informs not only which variants are driving tumorigenesis, but also the mechanisms behind what is fueling mutagenesis. Both of these details are crucial for preventing premature deaths due to cancer, whether it is by targeting the variants driving the cancer phenotype or by measures to prevent exogenous mutations from contributing to somatic evolution.

A high throughput synthetic workflow for solid state synthesis of oxides.

High-throughput synthetic methods are well-established for chemistries involving liquid- or vapour-phase reagents and have been harnessed to prepare arrays of inorganic materials. The versatile but labour-intensive sub-solidus reaction pathway that is the backbone of the functional and electroceramics materials industries has proved more challenging to automate because of the use of solid-state reagents. We present a high-throughput sub-solidus synthesis workflow that permits rapid screening of oxide chemical space that will accelerate materials discovery by enabling simultaneous expansion of explored compositions and synthetic conditions.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers with breast, ovarian and prostate cancer demonstrate a different pattern of metastatic disease compared with non-carriers: results from a rapid autopsy programme.

Aim: To catalogue and compare the pattern of metastatic disease in germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation carriers and non-carriers with breast, ovarian and prostate cancer from a rapid autopsy programme.

Methods And Results: The number of metastases in the major body systems and the proportion of participants with metastases were documented in 50 participants (19 germline mutation carriers). Analysis was conducted on the participants' pattern of disease for the different cancers and mutation subgroups.

Dementia: Sustaining Self in the Face of Cognitive Decline.

It is argued that the way in which we view a person with dementia can have a significant effect on the level of disability and wellbeing of the person. There is a divergence between a belief that the self disintegrates, leaving a non-person, and a belief that the self remains but is misplaced and can be maintained with the appropriate approach from others. This article seeks to examine the differing approaches to self and personhood in dementia care, and establish ways of approaching care for the person with dementia which may limit the extent of disability in the face of cognitive decline.

QTL analysis of soft scald in two apple populations.

The apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is one of the world's most widely grown and valuable fruit crops. With demand for apples year round, storability has emerged as an important consideration for apple breeding programs.

Use of descriptive analysis and preference mapping for early-stage assessment of new and established apples.

Background: This research compared four new apple selections with 16 established apples using descriptive analysis (DA), instrumental analyses and preference mapping, in order to identify suitable selections for commercialization and further research.

Results: DA revealed that the new apple selections (PARC1, PARC2, PARC3, PARC4) were very similar in texture/mouthfeel (T) but differed in their flavor (F) and appearance (A) characteristics. Preference mapping revealed that consumers' T preferences were driven primarily by crispness, juiciness and lack of skin toughness, while F preferences were driven by sweetness, lack of tartness and presence of fruity flavor.

Evidence for a role of 5-HT2C receptors in the motor aspects of performance, but not the efficacy of food reinforcers, in a progressive ratio schedule.

Rationale: 5-Hydroxytryptamine2C (5-HT2C) receptor agonists reduce the breakpoint in progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, an effect that has been attributed to a decrease of the efficacy of positive reinforcers. However, a reduction of the breakpoint may also reflect motor impairment. Mathematical models can help to differentiate between these processes.

Engaging First Nation and Inuit communities in asthma management and control: assessing cultural appropriateness of educational resources.

Introduction: Asthma is a growing concern in First Nations and Inuit communities. As with many health indicators and outcomes, Aboriginal peoples living in remote areas experience greater disparities in respiratory health compared with non-Aboriginal Canadians. Therefore, it is critically important to take into account their unique needs when developing asthma educational materials and resources.

The preclose technique in percutaneous endovascular aortic repair: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To establish the efficacy and safety of the preclose technique in total percutaneous endovascular aortic repair (PEVAR).

Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline database was conducted for series on PEVAR published between January 1999 and January 2012.

Results: Thirty-six articles comprising 2,257 patients and 3,606 arterial accesses were included.

Visceral blood flow modulation: potential therapy for morbid obesity.

We present this preliminary investigation into the safety and feasibility of endovascular therapy for morbid obesity in a swine model. A flow-limiting, balloon-expandable covered stent was placed in the superior mesenteric artery of three Yorkshire swine after femoral arterial cutdown. The pigs were monitored for between 15 and 51 days after the procedure and then killed, with weights obtained at 2-week increments.

Catheter-based arterial sympathectomy: hypertension and beyond.

Transluminal ablation of renal artery sympathetic nerves has been shown to provide a significant and durable reduction in blood pressure with very low complication rates. Additional publications have documented improvement in insulin sensitivity, obstructive sleep apnea indices, and frequency and severity of congestive heart failure in subgroups undergoing the procedure. This technology may provide effective management of other diseases in which there is autonomic imbalance.

Reported outcomes after the endovascular treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been implicated as a potential causal factor in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The treatment of jugular and azygous vein stenoses, characteristic of CCSVI, has been proposed as a potential component of therapy for MS. In the few short years since Dr.

Effects of amisulpride and aripiprazole on progressive-ratio schedule performance: comparison with clozapine and haloperidol.

Clozapine and some other atypical antipsychotics (e.g. quetiapine, olanzapine) have been found to exert a characteristic profile of action on operant behaviour maintained by progressive-ratio schedules, as revealed by Killeen's Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement model of schedule-controlled behaviour.

Using network properties to predict disease dynamics on human contact networks.

Recent studies have increasingly turned to graph theory to model more realistic contact structures that characterize disease spread. Because of the computational demands of these methods, many researchers have sought to use measures of network structure to modify analytically tractable differential equation models. Several of these studies have focused on the degree distribution of the contact network as the basis for their modifications.

An RNA expression method for aging forensic hair samples.

A common limitation to most forensic trace evidence analysis is the ability to determine the time at which the evidence was deposited at the crime scene. This issue of timing is vitally important as it may not only reveal when the crime occurred, but could exclude potential suspects from the investigation. Using a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, we monitored the relative expression ratio (RER) of two different RNA species (18S and β-actin) in hair samples that were aged naturally over a period of 3 months.

Effect of short-term air storage after removal from controlled-atmosphere storage on apple and fresh-cut apple quality.

Background: One of the realities of apple distribution for long-term stored fruit is that a controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage room will be unsealed and fruit held in air storage and marketed over several weeks. This work was conducted to determine the effect of post-CA air storage of whole fruit on potential shelf life for fresh-cut apple slices.

Results: Fresh-cut slices of 'Spartan' and 'Delicious' apples held in post-CA air storage for 2 or 4 weeks showed the least changes in cut surface color as compared with those made from apples immediately on removal from CA.

Diagnostic utility and clinical application of imaging for pleural space infections.

Timely diagnosis of pleural space infections and rapid initiation of effective pleural drainage for those patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions or empyema represent keystone principles for managing patients with pneumonia. Advances in chest imaging provide opportunities to detect parapneumonic effusions with high sensitivity in patients hospitalized for pneumonia and to guide interventional therapy. Standard radiographs retain their primary role for screening patients with pneumonia for the presence of an effusion to determine the need for thoracentesis.

Comparison of the effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine and D-amphetamine on the ability of rats to discriminate the durations and intensities of light stimuli.

Rats' ability to discriminate durations is disrupted by the monoamine-releasing agent D-amphetamine and the 5-HT2 receptor agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI). It is unknown whether this effect is specific for temporal discrimination or reflects general disruption of stimulus control. This experiment addressed this question by comparing the effects of D-amphetamine and DOI on temporal discrimination and discrimination along a nontemporal dimension, light intensity.