Monitoring transmission intensity of trachoma with serology.

Trachoma, caused by ocular infection, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. To provide evidence for use of antibodies to monitor transmission, we collated IgG responses to Pgp3 antigen, PCR positivity, and clinical observations from 19,811 children aged 1- 9 years in 14 populations. We demonstrate that age-seroprevalence curves consistently shift along a gradient of transmission intensity: rising steeply in populations with high levels of infection and active trachoma and becoming flat in populations near elimination.

Post-Validation Survey in Two Districts of Morocco after the Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem.

Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. In 2016, Morocco was validated by WHO as having eliminated trachoma as a public health problem. We evaluated two previously endemic districts in Morocco for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous trichiasis (TT), and antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma.

Global progress toward the elimination of active trachoma: an analysis of 38 countries.

Background: Global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem was targeted for 2020. We reviewed progress towards the elimination of active trachoma by country and geographical group.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis of national survey and implementation data, all countries ever known to be endemic for trachoma that had either implemented at least one trachoma impact survey shown in the publicly available Trachoma Atlas, or are in Africa were invited to participate in this study.

Comparison of genovars and Chlamydia trachomatis infection loads in ocular samples from children in two distinct cohorts in Sudan and Morocco.

Trachoma is a blinding disease caused by repeated conjunctival infection with different Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genovars. Ct B genovars have been associated with more severe trachoma symptoms. Here, we investigated associations between Ct genovars and bacterial loads in ocular samples from two distinct geographical locations in Africa, which are currently unclear.

Elimination of trachoma from Morocco: a historical review.

Since the 1950s, the Kingdom of Morocco has been and remains one of the pioneers in the fight against trachoma, a disease that has completely disappeared in the majority of its national territory, but some endemic pockets have persisted and pose a health risk, particularly for children and women. Morocco finds itself today, thanks to years of joint efforts, at the forefront of the world stage of the fight against trachoma. The country has demonstrated through its experience the effectiveness and relevance of the "SAFE" strategy - an extensive programme designed to tackle trachoma and its complications.

Polypropylene as a reinforcement in pelvic surgery is not inert: comparative analysis of 100 explants.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Currently, most implants used for reinforcement in surgical treatment of pelvic floor disorders are knitted monofilament polypropylene (PP). While previously recognized as inert, PP is associated with high complication rates. Some recent literature suggests polyester prosthetics based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which may be more inert in vivo.

An anatomical study of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system: surgical applications in rhinoplasty.

Objective: To give a unifying description of nasal muscles and ligaments corresponding to anatomical and surgical findings such as the dermocartilaginous ligament described by Pintanguy in 2001.

Methods: In 30 fresh cadavers of white individuals, nasal dissections were performed, divided into 3 different approaches: from radix to nasal tip, from nasal tip to radix, and from midline to lateral. The anatomical and surgical planes of dissection were followed to isolate the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS).

Thin-layer cytology: identification of human papillomavirus by hybridization, capture and signal amplification assay using an alcoholic cell preservative medium.

Objective: To ensure complete reliability in the detection of hyman papillomavirus using either Specimen Transport Medium (Digene Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.

[Management of non malignant papillary lesions diagnosed on percutaneous biopsy].

Purpose: To assess the reliability of percutaneous breast biopsies in diagnosing and managing non malignant papillary lesions and determine if subsequent excision must be systematic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective review of 2233 breast biopsies over a 43 months period (September 2001 to March 2005): sonographically guided core biopsies (n = 836), ultrasound (n = 346) or stereotactic (n:1051) guided vacuum biopsies.

[Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy: review of 382 cases].

Purpose: To evaluate the use of US-guided vacuum biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of probably benign breast masses.

Materials And Method: Retrospective review of 382 US guided vacuum biopsies over a 44 months period (september 2001 to may 2005) with the 11-g handheld mammotome. A total of 308 benign tumors, 59 borderline lesions and 15 carcinomas were diagnosed.

[Underestimation of breast carcinoma with 11-gauge stereotactically guided directional vacuum-assisted biopsy].

Purpose: To assess the reliability of vacuum-assisted biopsy in diagnosing and managing atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Materials And Method: Retrospective review of 2130 stereotactic large-core biopsies in 1638 patients over a 40 month period (January 2000 to May 2003) using the mammotome 11-gauge and a dedicated Fischer table. A total of 135 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia and 322 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ were diagnosed.

[Pap test: liquid-based--thin-layer. A new method: results].

Objectives: Evaluation of the thin-layer technique we have developed.

Patients And Method: An adequate shaking, a calibration and a centrifugation in liquid phase are the essential and specific stages of this technique. More than 160 000 samples were prepared according to this methodology in eight years.

A comparative study of DNA content as measured by flow cytometry and image analysis in 1864 specimens.

Both flow cytometry (FCM) and image cytometry (ICM) were used to assess the DNA content of 1864 lesions (benign and malignant tumors, dysplasias, dystrophies and normal tissue). In total there were 1274 cases of bladder washings and 590 fresh solid tumor specimens. Of the total number of specimens, 1737 (93.

[Bladder tumors: prognostic value of surface antigens and carcinoembryonic antigens. A retrospective study].

Seven patients presenting with recurrent diffuse, non-infiltrating tumors of the bladder were treated for several years by repeated endo-urethral resection, because radical exeresis was not possible. Each operative specimen was subjected to examination of the ABH blood-group antigens, pneumo-14 precursor, and carcino-embryonic antigens. The authors emphasize the prognostic interest of such studies.