Antibiotic Prescribing for Oro-Facial Infections in the Paediatric Outpatient: A Review.

There are many reports on the complications associated with antibiotics abuse during the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly those related to antimicrobial resistance. The dental profession is no exception; there is growing evidence that dental practitioners are misusing antibiotics in the treatment of their paediatric patients. This review is directed to dental practitioners who provide oral healthcare to children.

The cellular and molecular effects of the androgen receptor agonist, Cl-4AS-1, on breast cancer cells.

Purpose: The androgen receptor (AR) has attracted attention in the treatment of breast cancer. Due to the undesirable side effects of AR agonists, attempts have been undertaken to develop selective AR modulators. One of these compounds is Cl-4AS-1.

Compassion fatigue and substance use among nurses.

Aim: This study aimed to detect if there were differences in compassion fatigue (CF) among nurses based on substance use and demographic variables of gender, marital status, type of health institution and income.

Background: Compassion fatigue is considered an outcome of poorly handled stressful situations in which nurses may respond with self-harming behaviours like substance use. Evidence in this area is critically lacking.

Recent updates of marine antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides are group of proteins showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that have been known to be powerful agents against a variety of pathogens. This class of compounds contributed to solving the microbial resistance dilemma that limited the use of many potent antimicrobial agents. The marine environment is known to be one of the richest sources for antimicrobial peptides, yet this environment is not fully explored.

Impacts of fullerene C and virgin olive oil on cadmium-induced genotoxicity in rats.

Currently, cadmium is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants. Environmentally, cadmium is released in various forms e.g.

Effects of Spirulina platensis on DNA damage and chromosomal aberration against cadmium chloride-induced genotoxicity in rats.

Todays, bioactive compounds extracted from Spirulina platensis have been intensively studied for their therapeutical values. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of S. platensis extract on DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations induced by cadmium in rats.

Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus in the North of Iraq.

Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is an important cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that causes large economic losses and human suffering. The larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus are the etiological agents of cystic echinococcosis that showed different genotypes in different regions in the world. The present study was aimed at the detection of E.

Crystal structure of 4,6-dimethyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihy-droxy-6-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)tetra-hydro-2-pyran-2-yl]sulfan-yl}nicotino-nitrile.

In the title compound, CHNOS, the C-S bond lengths are unequal, with S-C = 1.8016 (15) Å and S-C = 1.7723 (13) Å.

Subclinical First Trimester Renal Abnormalities Are Associated With Preeclampsia in Normoalbuminuric Women With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the utility of tubular (urinary/plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) and glomerular (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were free of microalbuminuria and hypertension at the first trimester.

Research Design And Methods: This was a prospective study of T1DM pregnancy. Maternal urinary and plasma NGAL, urinary KIM-1 (ELISA of frozen samples), and eGFR (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) were determined at three study visits (V1: 12.

Fullerene C nanoparticles ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP), a chemotherapeutic agent, induces hepatotoxicity as one of its side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the potential hepatoprotective effects of fullerene C nanoparticles (C) against the high toxic dose of CP. Twenty five albino rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=5 per group).

Simultaneous determination of amlodipine and metoprolol in their combined dosage form using a synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method.

Highly sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of a mixture of amlodipine (AMD) and metoprolol (MET). The method relies on measuring the relative synchronous fluorescence intensity of both drugs at Δλ of 90 nm in acetate buffer solution at pH 5. The experimental parameters influencing the developed method were investigated and optimized.

Factors Affecting Jordanian School Adolescents' Experience of Being Bullied.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the Jordanian school adolescents' experience of being bullied, and to examine its association with selected socio-demographic variables.

Design And Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study used multi-stages cluster sampling technique to recruit a sample of in-school adolescents in Jordan (N=436). The Personal Experiences Checklist was used to measure the experience of bullying.

Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes.

The prevalence of obesity is skyrocketing worldwide. The scientific evidence has associated obesity risk with many independent factors including the quality of dietary fat and genetics. Dietary fat exists as the main focus of dietary guidelines targeting obesity reduction.

Circulating adipokines are associated with pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The incidence of pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy, is fourfold higher in type 1 diabetic than non-diabetic women; it is also increased in women with features of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In a prospective study of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, we measured plasma levels of adipokines known to be associated with insulin resistance: leptin, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin (total and high molecular weight [HMW]; also known as high molecular mass), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and resistin and evaluated associations with the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: From an established prospective cohort of pregnant type 1 diabetic women, we studied 23 who developed pre-eclampsia and 24 who remained normotensive; for reference values we included 19 healthy non-diabetic normotensive pregnant women.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Diabetes Distress Scale.

The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-A) among Arab patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants' DDS-A total scores significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.288, p = 0.

Identification of the Consistently Altered Metabolic Targets in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Cancer cells rely on metabolic alterations to enhance proliferation and survival. Metabolic gene alterations that repeatedly occur in liver cancer are largely unknown. We aimed to identify metabolic genes that are consistently deregulated, and are of potential clinical significance in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Psychosocial Correlates of Diabetes Self-management Practices.

Background: Self-Management is a crucial regimen for patients with diabetes mellitus. Many factors have affected patients' self-management practice including psychosocial factors. Literature revealed contradictory results concerning the psychosocial correlates of patients' self-management practices.

A frequent misinterpretation in current research on liver fibrosis: the vessel in the center of CCl-induced pseudolobules is a portal vein.

Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury is a thoroughly studied model for regeneration and fibrosis in rodents. Nevertheless, its pattern of liver fibrosis is frequently misinterpreted as portal type. To clarify this, we show that collagen type IV "streets" and α-SMA cells accumulate pericentrally and extend to neighbouring central areas of the liver lobule, forming a 'pseudolobule'.

Differential expression and androgen regulation of microRNAs and metalloprotease 13 in breast cancer cells.

MicroRNA molecules (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating cell behavior. The expression of certain miRNAs has been shown to be regulated by the androgen receptor (AR), which seems to have a critical role in the tumorigenic process of breast cancer. The differential expression of 84 miRNAs was first examined in three breast cancer cell lines: the luminal MCF-7 and T47D cells and the molecular apocrine MDA-MB-453 cells.

Development and Validation of Chemometric Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Simvastatin and Nicotinic Acid in Binary Combinations.

Background: The development and introduction of combined therapy represent a challenge for analysis due to severe overlapping of their UV spectra in case of spectroscopy or the requirement of a long tedious and high cost separation technique in case of chromatography. Quality control laboratories have to develop and validate suitable analytical procedures in order to assay such multi component preparations.

Methods: New spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of simvastatin (SIM) and nicotinic acid (NIA) in binary combinations were developed.

Factors affecting oral health determinants in female university students: a cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia.

Objective This study aims at investigating factors affecting oral health patterns, attitudes and health risk behaviors among female university students. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to female university students in Al Madinah in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Students were requested to answer questions on demographic data, oral hygiene practices, dental attendance, smoking history, practice of sports and body weight and height.